Providing a non-arbitrary comparison of schools on even one criterion will be nearly impossible...» He says that the agency's
subjective measures of equity grant almost complete control to federal regulators over a district's administration, something that is at odds with the very structure of the American educational system and will surely damage local control.
Koretz is right: we need to move beyond
subjective measures of educator performance, because such systems often do not provide honest assessments.
This may favourably influence their ability to resist hunger and hence bias
subjective measures of appetite.82 Furthermore, the effects of weight - loss upon subjective appetite measures are most frequently detected in pre-meal and post-absorptive states, indeed, the use of visual analogue scales have only been validated for this purpose.85
The easiest methods which are research supported are
subjective measures of how the client is feeling.
The results show that patients benefitted from any treatment on
some subjective measures of sleep and life quality.
IPCC (2007) does not mention κ and, therefore, provides neither error - bars nor a «Level of Scientific Understanding» (the IPCC's
subjective measure of the extent to which enough is known about a variable to render it useful in quantifying climate sensitivity).
The use of
the subjective measure of financial difficulty as a measure of SES reflects whether the mother feels that she struggles to afford food, housing, heating, clothing and necessities for the child: all acknowledged to be essential for basic living standards.
Not exact matches
Depending on the scope and purpose
of the research, happiness is often
measured using objective indicators (data on crime, income, civic engagement and health) and
subjective methods, such as asking people how frequently they experience positive and negative emotions.
The results, compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit, are based on both
subjective life - satisfaction surveys and objective
measures of quality
of life.
Under the Bonus Plan, our compensation committee, in its sole discretion, determines the performance goals applicable to awards, which goals may include, without limitation: attainment
of research and development milestones, sales bookings, business divestitures and acquisitions, cash flow, cash position, earnings (which may include any calculation
of earnings, including but not limited to earnings before interest and taxes, earnings before taxes, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and net earnings), earnings per share, net income, net profit, net sales, operating cash flow, operating expenses, operating income, operating margin, overhead or other expense reduction, product defect
measures, product release timelines, productivity, profit, return on assets, return on capital, return on equity, return on investment, return on sales, revenue, revenue growth, sales results, sales growth, stock price, time to market, total stockholder return, working capital, and individual objectives such as MBOs, peer reviews, or other
subjective or objective criteria.
Granted, one downside
of using truly objective
measures is that our ranking may not exclude CEOs who have disappointed stakeholders on dimensions where performance is more
subjective.
Using only the non-GAAP earnings
measures to analyze earnings would have material limitations because its calculation is based on the
subjective determinations
of management regarding the nature and classification
of events and circumstances that investors may find material.
Each occasion exhibits its
measure of creative emphasis in proportion to its
measure of subjective intensity.
The Department
of Health and Human Services has already gathered a body
of «experts,» to devise reliable
measures of «
subjective well - being,» toward the end
of turning these into official statistics.
This is not a
subjective test attempting to
measure the «true» value
of the law to benefited individuals; rather, it's a more objective test (at least in theory) which simply attempts to
measure the number and scope
of allowed exemptions from the law.
Finally, the
subjective health
of the respondents was
measured using the following question: «In general, how would you assess your health?»
Despite careful
measures to maximise content validity and consistency, it inevitably involves
subjective judgements, both in the selection and weighting
of items, and their application to appraise published studies
of place
of birth.
As always, please note that this list is a
measure of each post's rate
of engagement (relative to that Facebook Page's baseline) and not a
subjective judgment about quality.
In a report last August a research team at the University
of Michigan
measured placebo - related brain chemistry for the first time, moving the effect beyond the realm
of subjective observation.
The study led by researchers at the Perelman School
of Medicine at the University
of Pennsylvania is the first to show that lisdexamfetamine (LDX) improved
subjective and objective
measures of cognitive decline commonly experienced in menopausal women.
Subjective well - being is an extensive indicator of mental health and depression in particular, and in the now published study, life satisfaction was used to measure subjective wel
Subjective well - being is an extensive indicator
of mental health and depression in particular, and in the now published study, life satisfaction was used to
measure subjective wel
subjective well - being.
In fact, scientists have been working to update lab tests to look beyond sperm count, swimming ability and shape (also known as morphology, a
subjective measure that is tough to replicate with an algorithm) to explore other possible causes
of male infertility.
Donald Plewes, a physicist who works on medical imaging at the University
of Toronto in Canada, says the technique gives a precise
measure of stiffness that does not depend on the surgeon's
subjective opinion.
«There really isn't a standard set
of agreed - upon criteria to
measure something as complex and
subjective as creativity,» she said.
Research suggesting that political conservatives are happier than political liberals has relied exclusively on self - report
measures of subjective well - being.
However, nobody had ever tested whether these circuits are essential to musical reward, or if they can be manipulated, leading to changes in
subjective and physiological
measures of experienced musical pleasure.
Our perception
of loudness is
subjective, but sound has an intensity, independent
of our hearing, that is
measured in decibels (dB).
Now better techniques for
measuring sleep states have shown that their sleep is fundamentally different from normal, which probably explains their
subjective reports
of being unable to switch off (see «Awake asleep: Insomniac brains that can't switch off «-RRB-.
«Among the factors that define the quality
of a wine, one
of the most important is the quality
of the grape as the raw material, but this concept is difficult to assess, due to problems such as
subjective parameters, the short period
of time available in the field to do the analysis during harvest time, the lack
of measuring instruments and their high price, as well as the mixing
of good quality and bad quality grape in the trucks.
With this in mind, LSE researchers set out to study the nature and extent
of the «intangible» impact
of the Olympic Games by using
measures of subjective wellbeing that have been developed and tested by economists and psychologists for around 20 years in order to assess how people think and feel about their lives.
«Our investigation includes one
of the most robust analyses
of physician adherence to AUA guidelines on the management
of BPH / LUTS in the published literature, and represents the first published analysis to our knowledge
of the rate
of performance
of measures that are challenging to extract from administrative data (i.e.,
subjective symptom description, I - PSS, sexual function evaluation, performance
of a physical examination and specific examination maneuvers),» says Dr. Auffenberg.
The I - PSS17 is a standardized, patient self - reported
measure of the
subjective problems that the patient experiences with urinating, with scores ranging from 0 to 35 and higher scores indicating more severe symptoms.
There is also an odor object version
of «banana,» a combination
of the inherent pleasantness
of the molecules released by the fruit (as
measured by Sobel's yardstick) and our
subjective mental state when we encounter them.
A small clinical study
of clarithromycin for the sleep disorder hypersomnia shows that the antibiotic can combat patients»
subjective experience
of sleepiness, but it does not seem to improve reaction time
measured in a video - game - type vigilance task.
Rissman's team found that they could accurately predict the participants»
subjective experiences
of each face as novel or familiar based on the
measured brain activity alone, and that the accuracy
of the predictions was highest (95 percent) when the participants were most confident about their answer.
Using easy - to - understand
subjective measures, like how you feel after a meal, as well as a blood glucose monitor, you can precisely determine what amounts and types
of carbohydrates and other foods allow you to keep your blood sugar within healthy ranges.
The biologic effects
of grounding the human body during sleep as
measured by cortisol levels and
subjective reporting
of sleep, pain, and stress.
In this
subjective measure, participants are asked to rate their recovery and readiness to train again on a scale
of 1 to 10.
This was largely
subjective, with the exception
of I needed to invest the minimal
measure of time in stage 1, since I believe I am fit and did not require the additional time to develop to stage two and three.
Keep in mind that accurately
measuring soreness is tricky business, and rating the level
of soreness an athlete experiences after training is
subjective and hard to quantify.
This lends effectiveness to foam rolling, despite no significance in the objective
measures between groups; significance in
subjective measures supports the use
of foam rolling as there is a large aspect
of mental preparedness in sport and physical activity.
Since art is entirely
subjective and there can be no objective
measure of success outside
of the financial, obviously I mean best.
««Objective»
measures of achievement such as NAPLAN scores and «
subjective»
measures or perceptions
of their achievement were both strong predictors
of kids» interests.
Of the elementary and middle schools the survey respondents rated, 14 percent received a grade of «A,» 41 percent received a «B» grade, while 36 percent received a «C.» Seven percent were given a «D» and 2 percent an «F.» These subjective ratings were compared with data on actual school quality as measured by the percentage of students in each school who achieved «proficiency» in math and reading on states» accountability exams during the 2007 - 08 school yea
Of the elementary and middle schools the survey respondents rated, 14 percent received a grade
of «A,» 41 percent received a «B» grade, while 36 percent received a «C.» Seven percent were given a «D» and 2 percent an «F.» These subjective ratings were compared with data on actual school quality as measured by the percentage of students in each school who achieved «proficiency» in math and reading on states» accountability exams during the 2007 - 08 school yea
of «A,» 41 percent received a «B» grade, while 36 percent received a «C.» Seven percent were given a «D» and 2 percent an «F.» These
subjective ratings were compared with data on actual school quality as
measured by the percentage
of students in each school who achieved «proficiency» in math and reading on states» accountability exams during the 2007 - 08 school yea
of students in each school who achieved «proficiency» in math and reading on states» accountability exams during the 2007 - 08 school year.
' [Skills] such as perseverance, sociability and self - esteem have been shown to influence numerous
measures of social outcomes, including better health, improved
subjective wellbeing and reduced odds
of engaging in conduct problems.
When compared with such crude indicators, the combination
of student achievement gains on state tests, student surveys, and classroom observations identified teachers with better outcomes on every
measure we tested: state tests and supplemental tests as well as more
subjective measures, such as student - reported effort and enjoyment in class.
Some favor
subjective measures such as a principal's evaluation
of the teacher, which has its own critics who fear favoritism, and some rely on a combination
of these and other factors.
Another
measure should be a principal's
subjective evaluation
of a teacher, which Steele says is a pretty good predictor
of a teacher's effectiveness.
The results presented here — greater teacher performance as
measured by student achievement gains in years following TES review — strongly suggest that teachers develop skills or otherwise change their behavior in a lasting manner as a result
of undergoing
subjective performance evaluation in the TES process.
The study, titled:
Subjective impressions do not mirror online reading effort: concurrent EEG - eyetracking evidence from the reading
of books and digital media,
measured young and elderly adults reading short texts on three different reading devices, including a paper page, e-reader and tablet computer.