Post-modernism substitutes relativism and
subjectivism for the scientific tradition of seeking (eventually) objective truth, and this is a grave menace.
Not exact matches
More worrisome
for me are the emphatic individualism,
subjectivism, and unconcern about community that are «vulgarly» associated with libertarianism, not to mention the isolationism (and worse).
Wary of the dangers that radical
subjectivism and moral fanaticism pose
for social solidarity and cultural coexistence, he urges us to practice humility, civility, and humor in our political dealings while holding fast to core principles such as individual freedom and human rights.
The terms in which Whitehead describes his divergence from Descartes are extremely suggestive:
for it is his mathematical or functional conception of form that enables him to effect his «reform» of the Cartesian
subjectivism.
But equally far from the
subjectivism of the romantic or the «I believe because it is absurd» of the mystic, that sacrifice is called
for precisely in the name of objective truth comprehended through the «clear, logical cognition» exemplified by the modern scientist.
Even Hegel's system,
for all that it sought to have done with petty
subjectivism, could do so only by way of a massive metaphysical myth of the self - positing of the Concept, and of a more terrible economy of necessity than any pagan antiquity had imagined.
But such a justification
for following his theology lays one open to charges of
subjectivism.
For those bred in the abstract, «objective» world of print, such characteristics reek of a decline into undefined «
subjectivism».
Second, pragmatism, like all interest theories of ethics, has no way of escaping the
subjectivism which grounds all value ultimately on subjective feeling, nor is this any less the case because of the objective methods that pragmatism supports
for the judgment of whether our actions will in fact produce the values that we think they will.
Despite the views, and perhaps hopes, of some that Whitehead's metaphysics provided an opportunity
for theology to rise above empirical naturalism and provide a via media between the rationalism of Thomistic theology and the
subjectivism of Protestantism, 17 Whitehead's actual influence on American theology during the thirties was very limited.
Catholics acknowledge an infallible authority in questions of both dogma and morals, whereas Protestants possess no objective rule
for either but are buffeted to and fro by the winds of
subjectivism and error.
Practically, however, you all recognize the difference: you understand,
for example, the disdain of the methodist convert
for the mere sky - blue healthy - minded moralist; and you likewise enter into the aversion of the latter to what seems to him the diseased
subjectivism of the Methodist, dying to live, as he calls it, and making of paradox and the inversion of natural appearances the essence of God's truth.
Now perhaps it should be said immediately that this is not a call
for exegesis that is mere problem - solving activity (as the inductive preaching of late liberal Protestantism tended to be) nor
for client - centered preaching that is an exercise in self - analysis and smothering
subjectivism occasionally embroidered with Scripture verses.
While Berger finds in all this
subjectivism the reason
for Picasso's «failure,» I find in it simply Picasso.
And the churches do exist,
for this is a realism even though it has no foundation; accordingly, James's relativism is a relativism that is not a
subjectivism.
The empirical theologians would stress the practical dangers of the anti-realism and
subjectivism in these same thinkers.10 This is not to say that the empirical theologians would simply call these late twentieth century thinkers nihilistic,
for that assumes that the loss of foundationalism simply requires the loss of realism and that the acceptance of relativism simply requires
subjectivism.
As
for the postliberal claim to eschew the experiential
subjectivism of liberal theology, Henry charged that in elevating narrative over factuality, narrative theology becomes unable to distinguish truth from error or fact from fiction.
Here, no doubt, lies one reason
for the theological interest in «verifiable facts about Jesus of Nazareth: «they are needed, it will be said, to regulate the christological pluralism of the New Testament, and, still more, to restrain the
subjectivism that imposes fantasy on the text.
But
for all the Romantics» efforts to establish metaphysical grounds
for this view, they could never move significantly beyond a persistent
subjectivism.
but his criticism of flume's
subjectivism is determinative
for his own realism.
As
for Hume, whatever he says concerning qualified aesthetic judges must be tempered by his overall
subjectivism.
This last statement could certainly use some elaboration,
for it seems actually to contradict a later section in Leclerc's book, where White - head's praise of Cartesian
subjectivism is cited:
Moreover, if such acceptance requires retrofitting the Gospel, ignoring the Magisterium, and diving into the quicksand pits of moral
subjectivism, I don't think you'll find too many folks interested: in Africa, or elsewhere,
for that matter.
Leclerc goes on to cite a Whiteheadian passage praising «the advent of Cartesian
subjectivism [
for as a result] the substance - quality category has lost all claim to metaphysical primacy» (WM 120, citing PR 243).
«4 Ford calls this Whitehead's «First Metaphysical Synthesis» and says that it is continuous with Whitehead's earlier philosophy of nature.5 But when Whitehead adds the concept of «temporal atomicity» (elementary events can not be subdivided into subevents which are fully actual), this provokes a»...
subjectivism of actual occasions open to the real influence of possibility,» and»... generates an unexpected role
for God as the antecedent limitation of this possibility.
And — while I am at it — Guidance Note
for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainty shows how
subjectivism has been introduced and endorsed by IPCC.
However, as noted previously, the kind of extreme
subjectivism or relativity implied in Gestalt theory and practice is problematical
for mainstream psychology.