Tabulate the CO2 exhalation rates over the last 15,000 years from (i) terrestrial and
submarine volcanism (including maars, gas vents, geysers and springs) and calc - silicate mineral formation, and (ii) CH4 oxidation to CO2 derived from CH4 exhalation by terrestrial and
submarine volcanism, natural hydrocarbon leakage from sediments and sedimentary rocks, methane hydrates, soils, microbiological decay of plant material, arthropods, ruminants and terrestrial methanogenic bacteria to a depth of 4 km.
A related study by a separate team this week in the journal Science bolsters Tolstoy's case by showing similar long - term patterns of
submarine volcanism in an Antarctic region Tolstoy did not study.
Skeptics say that
submarine volcanism explains the current warming of the oceans.
Because your graphic clearly shows Etna as a major contributor and because your method measures SO2 in the atmosphere are you able to account for
submarine volcanism in your global SO2 flux calculations?
We find that many geological and geochemical phenomena associated with Snowball Earth are consistent with extensive
submarine volcanism along shallow mid-ocean ridges.»
Mount Etna's eruptive history began around 500,000 years ago with
submarine volcanism.
Not exact matches
Furthermore, the discovery of a surprising number of
submarine volcanoes highlights the underestimation of global
volcanism and provides a loose basis for an estimate that may partly explain ocean acidification and rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels observed last century, as well as shedding much needed light on intensified polar spring melts.
«The contribution of off - axis
volcanism,
submarine back - arc
volcanism, and island arc
volcanism, which would also be influenced by loading and unloading, may be an additional factor.»