The prevalence of
suboptimal infant breastfeeding behavior, as assessed at the day - 7 interview, and use of any infant formula on days 3 — 7 were significantly greater among infants of mothers with delayed compared with timely OL (Figure 3).
Risk Factors for
Suboptimal Infant Breastfeeding Behavior, Delayed Onset of Lactation, and Excess Neonatal Weight Loss.
Risk factors for
suboptimal infant breastfeeding behavior, delayed onset of lactation, and excess neonatal weight loss.
Not exact matches
When
infants and young children are not breastfed or when breastfeeding is
suboptimal, children risk not only increased rates of infectious diseases such as gastric and respiratory infections, but increasingly research is documenting the impact of not breastfeeding on the prevalence of life long chronic diseases such as cancers, diabetes, obesity and cardio vascular disease.
The preview from Baby Milk Action's Update newsletter for members, below, shows a Nestlé Lactogen tin with the promotional claim as marketed in Bangladesh, where the Bangladesh Paediatric Association documented tragedies of
infant formula feeding and
suboptimal breastfeeding in 2014.
Some autopsy data shows that
infants of smokers have signs of established hypoxic - ischemic cellular injury in the brain and the heart which probably occurred in antenatal life, may have been caused by
suboptimal placental function and may have been sub-clinical, but if the baby continues to be in a vulnerable environment exposed to post-natal passive smoking, this could affect autonomic nervous system function and lead to poor temperature control, and poor heart rate and respiration control.
Exclusive breastfeeding (i.e., provision of only breast milk and vitamin / mineral drops to
infants [3]-RRB- rates are
suboptimal for all ethnic groups.
Suboptimal breastfeeding accounts for one million
infant deaths annually, and 10 percent of the disease burden in children, reported the UK publication, Archives of Disease in Childhood, in 2012.
The provision of non — breast milk fluids to healthy breastfed
infants has been associated with
suboptimal breastfeeding behaviors, shorter breastfeeding duration, and mothers being less likely to meet their own breastfeeding intentions (14,15).
The health effects for both mothers and
infants from
suboptimal breastfeeding rates contribute substantially to health care costs (6,7).
But while experts agree that breast milk is the best nutrition for
infants, estimating the actual financial costs of
suboptimal breastfeeding rates is not straightforward.
Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool (score range: 0 — 12):
suboptimal breastfeeding behavior defined as a score < 11.
Results showed both preterm and term
infants had
suboptimal rates of supine sleep positioning after hospital discharge.
In addition, low levels of DHA are linked to
suboptimal visual acuity and reduced brain development in
infants (33).