One
subpopulation exhibits the Warburg effect, favoring glycolysis and generating lactate along with those useful intermediates.
27 Studies cited by the 2010 DGAC Report demonstrate varied metabolic responses to lowered dietary saturated fat, with certain
subpopulations exhibiting adverse rather than improved health outcomes.3 Two recent comprehensive meta - analyses indicate that saturated fat is not linked to heart disease.28, 29 In fact, in a definitive review of forty - eight clinical trials, with over sixty - five thousand participants, the reduction or modification of dietary fat had no effect on mortality, cardiovascular mortality, heart attacks, stroke, cancer, or diabetes.30 Yet, avoiding saturated fat remains a cornerstone of national dietary guidance.
Not exact matches
In our study, we found that exposing metastatic breast cancer cell lines to hypoxia and reoxygenation cycles induces a unique
subpopulation that is highly metastatic and
exhibits stem - like and EMT phenotypes.
(6) Moreover, subcutaneous adipose of prematurely - aged transgenic mice
exhibited high levels of staining for the senescence marker senescence - associated - β - galactosidase (SAβ - gal) and expressed high levels of several established markers of senescence, including p21, p19, interleukin - 6, (insulin - like growth factor binding protein - 2 (Igfbp2), and Pai - 1; primary BubR1H / H; INK - ATTAC mouse embryonic fibroblasts forced artificially into senescence by oncogenic Ras or serial passage
exhibited a
subpopulation that was both GFP + and stained positively SAβ - gal.
When BubR1H / H; INK - ATTAC mouse bone marrow cells were pushed into senescence in vitro by the PPAR - γ - activating drug rosiglitazone, a
subpopulation of the cells
exhibited high levels of INK - ATTAC expression and GFP, coupled with SAβ - gal staining; subsequent to treatment with the INK - ATTAC activating drug, these cells rapidly entered into apoptosis, and within 48 h were either destroyed or in the cell death process.
We also found that cells derived from this novel
subpopulation form colonies readily, are highly tumorigenic in immune - deficient mice, and
exhibit both stem - like and EMT phenotypes.
Our results led us to speculate that there might be a metastatic
subpopulation within stem - like cancer cells since other studies have shown that CSC phenotype alone may
exhibit invasive property in vitro but is inadequate to determine or predict in vivo metastasis.
Interestingly, while these
subpopulations are equivalently and clonally interconvertible under self - renewing conditions, when induced to differentiate both in vivo and in vitro they
exhibit different behaviours.
This study suggests that
subpopulations of the purebred dog population are more likely to
exhibit certain inherited conditions while other
subpopulations do not differ statistically from mixed - breed dogs in terms of how common these diseases are.