The bacterium that causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Mtb, previously was thought to infect the body only through inhalation and
subsequent infection of cells in the lungs.
Subsequent infections of the virus may lead to dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), which may be fatal.
Not exact matches
This loss
of feeling makes the sufferer unaware
of subsequent injuries such as cuts, burns and
infections.
The social avoidance and anhedonia (the inability to feel pleasure in normally pleasurable activities) characteristic
of depression move energy resources to ghting
infection, and the hypervigilance characteristic
of anxiety disorders is linked to protection from attack and
subsequent pathogen exposure.
Here, the risk
of pathogen invasion, and
subsequent death from
infection, was greatly increased as a result
of wounding.
If you have already given birth to a baby who had a serious case
of congenital CMV
infection, your future pregnancies will most likely not be affected — CMV
infection usually results from a first - time exposure to CMV during pregnancy only and it is extremely rare for a
subsequent pregnancy to be affected.
A
subsequent study from the United Kingdom included additional subjects and additional follow - up assessments at 18 and 30 months.9, 10 Adjusted risk estimates revealed that the risk
of ear
infections at 18 and 30 months was related to infant sleeping position at age 1 month.
Conclusions: Predominant breast feeding for at least six months and partial breast feeding for up to one year may reduce the prevalence and
subsequent morbidity
of respiratory illness and
infection in infancy.
Although additional studies are required to confirm these findings and to understand the mechanisms
of breast milk protection, public health interventions to promote predominant breast feeding for at least six months and any breast feeding up to one year may reduce the prevalence and
subsequent morbidity
of respiratory illness and
infection in infancy.
«There has been a long - appreciated connection between early life RSV
infection as
subsequent asthma, but we have lacked the ability to influence this important early life «imprinting» effect
of RSV
infection.
Sorek, Erez and their colleagues identified two further phi3T proteins that measure levels
of arbitrium and then influence the nature
of subsequent infections.
«Although free - floating viruses establish the initial
infection, it is the
subsequent cell - to - cell spread
of HIV that causes massive CD4 T cell death,» says co-first author Nicole Galloway, PhD, a post-doctoral fellow at the Gladstone Institute
of Virology and Immunology.
It reports that mice rendered immune to dengue show «cross-protection» from
subsequent Zika
infection and then identifies specific types
of immune T - cells capable
of defending against both viruses.
These results show that a two - dose schedule should confer a similar level
of protection against HPV
infections and
subsequent development
of cervical lesions and cancer as the current three - dose schedule.
Subsequent exposure
of uninfected dendritic cells to these extracellular TB antigens led to a strong T cell response, even in the absence
of the TB bacterium and
infection of dendritic cells.
Bacteria deposited on a surface by one person touching it, or via contaminated body fluids, can be picked up by
subsequent users and spread to other surfaces, potentially causing thousands
of infections worldwide.
The first days after HIV
infection are very important because sexual partners are exposed to extremely high risks
of infection due to the
subsequent high viral load in the infected person.
The envelope consists
of three gp120 and gp41 proteins positioned close together, and referred to as «trimers,» that open up like a flower in the presence
of CD4, exposing the gp41 subunit that is essential for
subsequent aspects
of the mechanism that causes
infection.
The data show that the order and type
of administration (oral spray or injection)
of the vaccines may affect the activation
of the immune system and may have a long lasting effect that affects
subsequent immunizations as well as the susceptibility to
infection.
In 2012, Rik de Swart
of Erasmus MC in Rotterdam, Netherlands, and colleagues revealed that the measles virus kills large numbers
of memory cells, white blood cells that prevent
subsequent infections by the same pathogen.
Future studies to better define the relationship between MSSA colonization and
subsequent infection will help to clarify the importance
of such interventions for preventing MSSA disease,» the study concludes.
The first, pivotal
infection by toxoplasmosis or influenza (and
subsequent flaring up
of HERV - W) might happen shortly before or after birth.
The first human trials will be done in the US in October with people at low risk
of subsequent Zika or dengue
infection, says Michael.
«It is possible that vaccines may raise antibodies capable
of promoting antibody - dependent enhancement,» says Screaton, meaning Zika vaccination could make a
subsequent dengue
infection worse.
Infection with Epstein - Barr virus (EBV), the cause
of infectious mononucleosis, has been associated with
subsequent development
of systemic lupus erythematosus and other chronic autoimmune illnesses, but the mechanisms behind this association have been unclear.
Antibodies generated in humans to DENV are
of particular clinical relevance, because they have the potential during a
subsequent infection to protect from or increase the risk
of developing DHF.
Gut colonisation on admission was significantly associated with
subsequent infection (
infection risk 16 % vs 3 %, OR = 6.9, p < 0.001), and genome data indicated matching carriage and
infection isolates in 80 %
of isolate pairs.
To date, most
of the negative studies have been carried out in CFS and not in prostate cancer, and some have speculated that the original discovery
of XMRV may in fact reflect bona fide viral
infection but that
subsequent studies were potentially tainted by mouse genomic contamination and / or widespread circulation
of positive control plasmids containing the XMRV infectious molecular clone VP62 [40], [41], [42].
As long as preventatives are given every month, they are very effective in preventing Heartworm
infection and
subsequent development
of Heartworm Disease.
Subsequent changes may include the development
of conjunctivitis, bacterial
infection (often accompanied by a «thick» discharge), ulceration and, ultimately, blindness.
Many cases
of CCHS are suppurative, caused by a bacterial
infection of the gall bladder with
subsequent obstruction
of the bile duct from mineralized deposits or swelling.
The
subsequent veterinary exam showed that despite continuing to exhibit signs
of an
infection, Arnold was not considered contagious and was stable enough to be released to the pre-arranged foster home that evening.
Subsequent immune compromise from viruses like feline leukemia, stress or administration
of corticosteroids cause a recurrence
of the
infection.
Longterm
infections, due to all
of the factors noted (ie, direct irritation, worm death, and immune response) result in chronic lesions and
subsequent scarring.
If your cat is sick, even if it tested free
of infection in the past but
subsequent exposure can't be ruled out.
Both discoveries produced immediate practical impacts, resulting in successful management
of subsequent outbreaks, greatly reducing the morbidity and mortality caused by these two
infections.
FeLV is a lifelong
infection and unfortunately most cats will die within three years
of diagnosis, usually from a
subsequent disease like leukaemia, lymphoma (tumors) or progressive anaemia.
Dogs that survive both the initial
infection and
subsequent neurologic disease may go on to develop retinal damage, corneal discoloration or extreme hardness
of the skin
of the nose or foot pads.
Worse yet, the presence
of this organism can allow for secondary bacterial invaders and
subsequent development
of bacterial ear
infections.
I personally doubt that any improvements that might have occurred
subsequent to radiation were due to more than the distraction
of the procedure or some undiagnosed, underlying cause (such as
infection or cancer) that could have been treated less drastically.
The most common source
of urinary
infections in pets is fecal contamination and
subsequent spread
of bacteria up the urinary tract.
This can cause clinical signs identical to urinary tract
infection, or the
subsequent compromised state
of the bladder mucosa can even predispose to urinary
infections.
However, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is adapted to colonise animals, so the risk
of colonisation and
subsequent infection is generally reduced in people.
Urinary tract
infections can lead to inflammation
of the bladder and a
subsequent sudden urge to pee.
This objective was achieved by interrogating large data sets
of hospitalized patients with presumed
infection, assessing agreement among existing scores
of inflammation (SIRS) 9 or organ dysfunction (eg, SOFA, 27,28 Logistic Organ Dysfunction System30)(construct validity), and delineating their correlation with
subsequent outcomes (predictive validity).