"Substantial heterogeneity" refers to a significant amount of diversity or variation within a particular group or system. It means that there are noticeable differences or distinctions among the elements or parts within that group or system.
Full definition
This systematic review and meta - analysis found
substantial heterogeneity among studies of non-fermented and fermented milk consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
This paper
finds substantial heterogeneity among early retirees in health and mortality risk related to the age at which they are entitled to Social Security benefits.
We
investigated substantial heterogeneity for all four outcomes with subgroup analyses for the following covariates: who delivered care, type of support, timing of support, background breastfeeding rate and number of postnatal contacts.
Wide price swings from state to state When comparing installed PV prices across a number of large state markets, LBNL
found substantial heterogeneity in pricing, leading analysts to conclude that «low - price leaders» in top solar states can serve as a benchmark for other states with maturing markets.
Both caseload and team care (average RR 0.92, 95 % CI 0.82 to 1.04; participants = 6782; studies = four; I ² = 56 %) and other models of care (average RR 0.81, 95 % CI 0.73 to 0.89; participants = 10,892; studies = 10; I ² = 44 %) had
substantial heterogeneity.
The meta - analysis on the parent — child relationship indicated that
substantial heterogeneity may be present.