Sentences with phrase «substituted by another atom»

Because chlorine is only weakly bonded to carbon, it can be easily substituted by another atom to make a new molecule.

Not exact matches

That calculation requires measuring the x-rays» intensity and determining their phase, the relative timing — a harder problem traditionally solved by comparing the diffraction pattern from a pure crystal with one from a similar crystal in which heavy metal atoms substitute for some components of the crystal.

A nitrogen - vacancy center is an atomic - scale defect formed in the diamond lattice by substituting a nitrogen atom for a carbon atom and creating a neighboring void in the crystal lattice.

«In essence,» said co-author Darren W. Johnson, a professor of chemistry, «we can prepare one type of nanoscale cluster compound, and then step - by - step substitute out the individual metal atoms to make new clusters that can not be made by direct methods.

In related work, a second team of researchers led by the same Penn State group used doping engineering that substitutes foreign atoms into the crystal lattice of the film in order to change or improve the properties of the material.

The team have made antihydrogen by replacing the proton nucleus of the ordinary atom by an antiproton, while the electron has been substituted by a positron.

«The Ru catalyst precisely distinguishes butadiene and substituted acetylene molecules and new carbon - carbon bonds are formed among a butadiene with two acetylenes just by migration of the terminal hydrogen atoms in butadiene.

Methods: Diphenylphosphine ligands, which consist of two phenyl (C6H5) substituted phosphorus centers separated by a carbon chain of variable length, produce gold clusters with extremely narrow distributions in size; that is, the synthesis route produces a large quantity of clusters with the same number of gold atoms as well as a small number of clusters with similar numbers of atoms.

First manufactured in 1929 by substituting chlorine atoms for hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon formulas, PCBs do not burn and are nearly indestructible, so they were perfect coolants, insulators, and hydraulic fluids.