Taking into account the dwarf planet's size and interior heat flow, which is around two percent that of Earth's, the team discovered that the temperatures and pressures at play below Sputnik Planitia could give rise to a viscous, slushy
subsurface ocean of water ice.
The frigid satellite has long been thought of as candidate for possible microbial life due to its vast
subsurface ocean of water.
Scientists comparing radar images from the Cassini spacecraft with geophysical models say that the three ridges in this image, released yesterday, were created when Titan's gradual cooling after its formation caused partial freezing of the moon's
subsurface ocean of water and ammonia.
Not exact matches
An important discovery was that
of water clusters and charged dust particles in plumes at Enceladus, helping us to understand that it has a
subsurface ocean.
The
subsurface ocean of Europa contains more than twice as much
water as Earth's
oceans.
Although no one can say for certain whether the
subsurface ocean supplies the
water that has been seen spraying out
of the tiger stripes on Enceladus's surface, the scientists say that it is possible.
Because Charon's modern - day surface is mostly
water ice, it makes sense that the 1212 - km - diameter moon once had a
subsurface ocean kept liquid by heat from the radioactive decay
of elements in its core, as well as by the heat generated from collisions
of smaller bits when the moon first accumulated.
The amount
of rocking
of the magnetic field, caused by its interaction with Jupiter's own immense magnetosphere, provides evidence that the moon has a
subsurface ocean of saline
water.
New NOAA - led research maps the distribution
of aragonite saturation state in both surface and
subsurface waters of the global
ocean and provides further evidence that
ocean acidification is happening on a global scale.
Astronomers know very little for certain about Ceres, but based on indirect evidence, they speculate that it is a world
of clay and ice, and possibly even has a
subsurface ocean of liquid
water, preserved from the very creation
of the solar system.
The
water will migrate downward through slushy ice to the
subsurface ocean within a few tens
of thousands
of years, researchers reported today at the European Planetary Science Congress in Madrid.
A planet with the same fraction
of water as Earth could keep a
subsurface ocean liquid if it was 3.5 times Earth's mass.
Characterizing the ice shell and any
subsurface water, and the nature
of surface - ice -
ocean exchange
Data gathered by the Hubble Space Telescope suggest that plumes
of water vapor hundreds
of kilometers tall, possibly originating in a
subsurface ocean, spew from the moon's south pole.
There's geological evidence for occasional
water upwelling from Europa's
subsurface ocean — a process similar to the upwelling
of magma from Earth's mantle.
The moon's south pole has strange, warm fractures, and plumes
of liquid
water from a
subsurface ocean many believed was impossible in such a small, cold world.
Astronomers can learn how to study the plumes
of subsurface ocean water spewing from icy moons like Saturn's Enceladus from an unlikely source: Space toilets.
Pluto is thought to possess a
subsurface ocean, which is not so much a sign
of water as it is a tremendous clue that other dwarf planets in deep space also may contain similarly exotic
oceans, naturally leading to the question
of life, said one co-investigator with NASA's New Horizon mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt.
Conditions in its
subsurface global
water ocean are thought to be similar to those deep in Earth's
oceans, where a wide variety
of life thrives.
With the help
of the European Huygens lander, it explored the stunningly dynamic atmosphere
of Titan, discovering vast lakes
of liquid methane and uncovering a vast
subsurface ocean of liquid
water.
The search for this
subsurface ocean warmed up after scientists discovered plumes
of mineral - rich
water vapor squirting out
of cracks near the south pole.
The mission objectives are to characterize the ice shell and any
subsurface water, understand the habitability
of Europa's
ocean, and to understand the formation
of surface features.
To go to Enceladus, she added, any lander would need to be very clean as liquid
water is in contact with the moon's icy surface, so contamination
of the
subsurface ocean would be a very real possibility.
Closer investigation
of these plumes, originating from geysers blasting from polar fissures in Enceladus» icy crust, revealed this
water was coming from a warm
subsurface salty
ocean and the
water was laced with hydrocarbons and ammonia, or «many
of the ingredients that life would need if it were to start in an environment like that,» Soderblom tells HowStuffWorks.
If this is the case, we might also find Europan planets with an abundance
of subsurface oxygenated
water, which could bubble out to form habitable caves in the ice above a cold
ocean.
«If those plumes are connected with the
subsurface water ocean we are confident exists under Europa's crust, then this means that future investigations can directly investigate the chemical makeup
of Europa's potentially habitable environment without drilling through layers
of ice.
This artist's impression
of the interior
of Saturn's moon Enceladus shows that interactions between hot
water and rock occur at the floor
of the
subsurface ocean — the type
of environment that might be friendly to life, scientists say.
Highly cited Holland et al 2008 (Acceleration
of Jakobshavn Isbræ triggered by warm
subsurface ocean waters) uses 20 year grided dataset
of subsurf
ocean T from commercial fishing industry.
The survival
of the Antarctic ice shelves including these is dependent on the temperature and salinity
of the
subsurface ocean water.
This includes maintaining Argo, the main system for monitoring
ocean heat content, and the development
of Deep Argo to monitor the lower half
of the
ocean; the use
of ship - based
subsurface ocean temperature monitoring programs; advancements in robotic technologies such as autonomous underwater vehicles to monitor
waters adjacent to land (like islands or coastal regions); and further development
of real - or near - real - time deep
ocean remote sensing methods.
The upper 3 meters
of the world's
oceans hold more heat than the entire atmosphere, so continual ventilation
of just 10 meters
of warmer
subsurface water will affect the global average for decades.
You missed the
subsurface waters (
Ocean Heat Content)
of the tropical Pacific in your heat pump description.
Warming
of surface
ocean waters is well known, but how the
subsurface waters are changing is less clear.
«The
subsurface ocean steric [
water - heating] expansion is found to contribute rates
of 0.78, 0.40, 0.36, 0.07, 0.06, and 0.05 mm / yr from 1996 — 2006 between 300 — 700 m, 700 — 1000 m, 1000 — 2000 m, 2000 — 3000 m, 3000 — 4000 m, and 4000 — 6000 m, respectively.»
That's primarily because «The Blob» itself is thought to largely be a side - effect
of the multi-year persistence
of the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, which suppressed the North Pacific storm track and prevented the vertical mixing
of colder
subsurface ocean waters toward the surface.
The study found that the Pacific
Ocean is the main source
of the
subsurface warm
water but some
of these
waters have already been pushed to the Indian
Ocean.
Reduced equatorial cloud cover during La Nina (due to the cooler sea surface temperature), combined with the strong upwelling (Ekman suction) in the eastern equatorial Pacific, does indeed lead to greater warming
of the
ocean - because it's bringing cool
subsurface water to the surface, where it can be heated by the sun.
Thus, the static stability
of the near - surface
water increases and the convective mixing
of cold surface
water with the relatively warm
subsurface water is reduced, thereby contributing to the reduction
of sea surface temperature in the Circumpolar
Ocean.