Sentences with phrase «subunit by»

Not exact matches

They linked the subunits with clusters of zinc acetate to create a scaffold riddled with wide channels, then soaked the crystals in various large organic molecules to test their sponginess and ability to sort by size.

In the presence of Gs alpha, the alpha subunit of the G protein that activates adenylyl cyclase, one form of adenylyl cyclase was inhibited by beta gamma, some forms were activated by beta gamma, and some forms were not affected by beta gamma.

These results led to three conclusions about the chemical nature of ion binding sites in the conduction pathway: The channel contains two identical titratable sites, even though there are more than two (probably four) identical subunits; the sites are formed by glutamate residues that have a pKa (where K (a) is the acid constant) of 7.6; and protonation of one site does not perturb the pKa of the other.

The appearance of the variant after starch - gel electrophoresis of the hemolysates supports the concept that the lactic dehydrogenase isozymes are determined by the interaction of two subunits which are under separate genetic control.

Energy transfer between the subunits, a measure of cytosolic cAMP concentration -LRB-[cAMP]-RRB-, and compartmentation of the dissociated subunits were monitored by confocal fluorescence microscopy.

Now, as Thomas Cech explains in his Perspective, atomic resolution of the structure of the large ribosomal subunit reveals that, as predicted by those convinced of a prebiotic RNA world, RNA is the catalytic component with proteins being the structural units that support and stabilize it (Ban et al., Nissen et al., Muth et al.).

Concentration - dependent inhibition of adenylyl cyclases by purified Gi alpha subunits is described.

Analyzing data from thousands of cancer lines and tumors, the researchers found that those demonstrating resistance to proteasome inhibitor drugs were marked by suppressed expression of one or more of the cells» proteasome cap subunits (which are a subsets of the larger proteasome).

Most of the proteins stabilize the structure by interacting with several RNA domains, often using idiosyncratically folded extensions that reach into the subunit's interior.

Consistent with recent studies of such changes, we find that long - lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission between cultured hippocampal neurons is accompanied by an increase in the number of clusters of postsynaptic glutamate receptors containing the subunit GluR1.

Led by Yi - Ping Li, Ph.D., UAB professor of pathology, and Wei Chen, M.D., UAB associate professor of pathology, they investigated the key role played by Cbf - beta, or core - binding factor subunit beta.

The UAB research team, led by J. David Sweatt, Ph.D., chair of the Department of Neurobiology and director of the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, removed H2A.Z in mouse models by means of a genetically engineered virus so that the subunit exchange could not take place.

By targeting RNA or protein subunits that have multiple sites for inactivation, but that are inextricably linked, this method allows for killing or disabling the RNA or protein without requiring the inhibition of multiple pathways that might be used by the organism to remain active and viable (and thus, multiple drugs are not needed, as wellBy targeting RNA or protein subunits that have multiple sites for inactivation, but that are inextricably linked, this method allows for killing or disabling the RNA or protein without requiring the inhibition of multiple pathways that might be used by the organism to remain active and viable (and thus, multiple drugs are not needed, as wellby the organism to remain active and viable (and thus, multiple drugs are not needed, as well).

Class - specific inhibition of Gq - mediated signaling was produced in the hearts of transgenic mice by targeted expression of a carboxyl - terminal peptide of the α subunit Gαq.

Partial activation of the yeast pheromone response pathway by beta - adrenergic receptor agonists was achieved in cells coexpressing h beta - AR and a mammalian G protein (Gs) alpha subunit - demonstrating that these components can couple to each other and to downstream effectors when expressed in yeast.

Using a technique called atomic force microscopy, Dilshan Balasuriya, led by Professor Mike Edwardson in Cambridge's Department of Pharmacology, imaged individual 3 trimers and confirmed that the complete 3 - subunit trimers cross-linked up to three sodium channel α - subunits.

The new Cambridge research was carried out by Sivakumar Namadurai and led by Dr Tony Jackson and Dr Dima Chirgadze from the University of Cambridge's Department of Biochemistry, and focussed on one of the - subunits, called β3.

The new wing architecture, which could greatly simplify the manufacturing process and reduce fuel consumption by improving the wing's aerodynamics, as well as improving its agility, is based on a system of tiny, lightweight subunits that could be assembled by a team of small specialized robots, and ultimately could be used to build the entire airframe.

It is based on a system of tiny, lightweight subunits that could be assembled by a team of small specialized robots, and could ultimately be used to build the entire airframe.

Similarly, repairs could be made by simply replacing an area of damaged subunits.

Genomewide analysis of chromatin marks also suggested that normal interactions between the C - terminus of the Rag2 protein subunit and a specific chromatin modification helps maintain the fidelity of DNA target recognition by the enzyme.

Images produced by the study clearly show the structure of the proteasome complex — with the protein backbone of each of its 28 subunits visible along with most of the side chains of the proteins.

Studying the assembly process frame by frame, the team found that once the individual blocks, or subunits, are created inside the bacteria, a chaperone protein loosely fills in the empty groove on the subunit.

This block is caused by mutations of the gene encoding the γc cytokine receptor subunit of interleukin - 2, -4, -7, -9, and -15 receptors, which participates in the delivery of growth, survival, and differentiation signals to early lymphoid progenitors.

Still, says Weiner, there are ways to enhance efficacy, for instance by trying more or different genes or by using a so - called prime - boost strategy, in which the DNA vaccine is followed by a shot with the protein subunits themselves.

A previous study by Klann and his colleagues pointed to a potential cause for the condition — overexpression of a subunit of a protein termed Na / K - ATPase in AS model mice.

To take that step, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics and the University of Hamburg's Heinrich Pette Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology began with the bacterial enzyme Cre recombinase, which exchanges any two pieces of DNA flanked on either end by a certain pattern of nucleotides (DNA subunits) known as loxP.

Electrostatic properties of the side portals and positions of the T1 domain and β subunit are consistent with electrophysiological studies of inactivation gating and with the possibility of K + channel regulation by the β subunit.

We have tested this hypothesis by generating and analyzing a mouse strain that lacks the gene encoding the essential subunit of the N - methyl - d - aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR1, specifically in dentate gyrus granule cells.

To narrow down the list, a team of researchers led by Henry Lester, a neuroscientist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, designed a mouse with a mutant version of the a4 * acetylcholine receptor subunit.

The association of the gamma and alpha subunits with the NGF dimer apparently serves to protect it from further degradation by other protein - cleaving enzymes in the body fluids.

In 1967 Silvio S. Varon and Eric M. Shooter of the Stanford University School of Medicine isolated NGF by a different procedure and found that the NGF dimer was present as a stable complex with two copies each of two other proteins, which they designated the alpha and gamma subunits.

The researchers thus discovered why rapamycin does not act on TORC2: «By deleting part of this subunit we generated a variant of TORC2 sensitive to rapamycin,» explains co-lead author Manoel Prouteau.

The project focuses on the dynamics of transient microcompartments formed by the V - ATPase holoenzyme, V - ATPase subcomplexes and subunits together with the mentioned proteins, with the aim to understand the mechanisms leading to this unique type of physiologically relevant regulation.

Down - stream events in mammary gland morphogenesis mediated by re-expression of the a2b1 integrin: the role of the a6 and b4 integrin subunits.

The expression pattern of the individual NMDA - R subunits (NR1, NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, and NR2D) was further studied by quantitative real - time RT — PCR.

These cells were immortalized by retroviral transduction of the SV40 T antigen and Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic subunit of the telomerase complex [4], and then termed HMLE (Human Mammary with Large T and TERT).

(E) Xpd dose - dependent reduction of TFIIH in homozygous XpdTTD / TTD, hemizygous XpdTTD / KO, and compound heterozygous XpdTTD / † XPCS and XpdTTD / † XP cells by comparative immunofluorescence of the p62 subunit of TFIIH.

«By getting me involved in the project, not only could we do these biological, cell - based functional assays that Roy's lab carries out, but we could also purify the integrins or parts of (them) and do both structural and biophysical characterization of interactions — how the different subunits stick together,» he said.

For this purpose analyze, on the one hand, the interaction of the V - ATPase, its subcomplexes and subunits with the mentioned proteins biochemically and by cryo - electron microscopy.

The protein encoded by W01A8.1 in C. elegans is identified as Mediator Complex subunit 28 (MDT - 28) in many protein databases (e.g., Pfam, UniProt, PIR, WormPep)(accessed on March 14, 2015), but the bioinformatics analysis reveals that this is a misannotation.

Giα and Gβ subunits both define selectivity of G protein activation by α2 - adrenergic receptors.

While SIRT1 and 2 inhibit NF - kB through posttranslational modification, SIRT6 neutralizes it by decreasing the accessibility of p65 subunit on promoter region of NF - kB target genes 32.

Enzymatic actions of Pasteurella multocida toxin detected by monoclonal antibodies recognizing the deamidated α subunit of the heterotrimeric GTPase Gq.

Positive modulation of a Cys - loop acetylcholine receptor by an auxiliary transmembrane subunit.

Therefore, Teitell's group opted to further modify their constructs with a 3 ′ - UTR mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) from human mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12 — the same essential approach used to optimize the import of allotopically - expressed proteins by Dr. Marisol Corral - Debrinski, (3,4) and subsequently advanced for multiple additional ETS subunit proteins by Dr. Matthew O'Connor's group at the SENS Foundation Research Center (RC).

The routes of these multisite phosphorylation cascades are determined by precisely oriented docking interactions mediated by cyclin - specific docking motifs and by Cks1, the phospho - adaptor subunit of Cdk1.

The restoration of the ETS structure and function was confirmed by in - gel activity assay of complex I, which demonstrated an increase in activity to 30 — 40 % of that in WT cells in cybrids transfected by constructs containing all three modifications; it was also supported by the «marked» increase in levels of COX2 and ND6, both of which are mitochondrially - encoded ETS subunit component proteins.

These authors went after the largest subunit, C160, encoded by the RPO31 (RPC160) gene.

Pol III is pretty complicated — it is made up of 17 different subunits encoded by 17 different essential genes.