Scientists from many disciplines,
such as biologists, chemists, physicists, medical physicists, materials scientists, and even art historians, use our research reactor BER II to find answers to their questions.
Some groups,
such as biologists, have more disbelievers, but the average remains the same.
Not exact matches
Frankle — if you truly had
such a degree you would know that no
biologist relies on chance
as a description of the natural World.
There have been many
such changes, 8 so significant, in fact, that one wonders if Darwin must not be regarded, even by the
biologists themselves, more
as a precursor of developments leading to present - day evolutionary thinking rather than
as a continuing historical source of our scientific understanding of man.
To the
biologist such language is meaningless, for he does not regard death
as a problem at all.
Such instances, for which no convincing scientific explanations have been given, are cited by some Christian
biologists as evidence of God's intervention in the process.
However mad it may seem, the fact remains that great modern
biologists,
such as Julian Huxley and J. B. S. Haldane, are beginning to talk of Mankind, and to predict its future,
as though they were dealing (all things being equal) with a brain of brains.
Anyone who suggests anything else is dismissed by many leading
biologists,
such as Monod and Luria,
as a Lamarckist if not a Lysenkoist.
Biologists such as Konrad Lorenz and Robert Ardrey argue that human beings have aggressiveness and selfishness built into their biological inheritance.
However, the first workers in this field,
such as Haldane and Fisher from the theoretical point of view, and
biologists such as Timofeef - Ressovsky, Dubinin and others, in practical field investigations, were still thinking mainly in terms of individual genes.
But no
biologist — repeat no
biologist — believes that big jumps,
such as a horse to a donkey would happen in one generation.
I leave it
as an open question whether this perspective is suggestive of new hypotheses that might be tested and whether
such a view implies any change in the way in which
biologists do biology and formulate theories.
But,
as Bohm points out,
such a position can not stand up to critical analysis, for the molecules studied by
biologists in living organisms are constituted of electrons, protons and other
such particles, from which it must follow that they too are capable of behaving in ways that can not be described in terms of mechanical concepts.
Evolutionary
biologists, with some notable exceptions,
such as Dobzhansky (1967), Wright (1969), Waddington (1961) Rensch (1961), and Thorpe (1965), scarcely seem to recognize that this is a problem requiring interpretation.
John J. Reilly («After Darwin,» June / July) is right on the mark in identifying the views of contemporary
biologists such as Brian Goodwin
as Platonic.
Biologist Eric Powers, who volunteers at the Clark Botanic Garden, says that it is especially important to use natural remedies,
such as bats, because past pesticide use nearly wiped out certain species of birds on Long Island.
Groups
such as mammals and frogs are known to have rebounded rapidly after that event, diversifying into multiple new forms
as they occupied newly available niches — a process evolutionary
biologists called adaptive radiation.
Stacey Baker, public engagement program associate at AAAS and a trained
biologist, spoke with a teenager who wants to study biology about the many paths open to scientists and the other elements beyond your field of study —
such as they type of work environment a candidate might be seeking — to keep in mind when selecting a career.
Some of these flights are long, especially when crossing ecological barriers
such as the Gulf of Mexico, says Frank Moore, a
biologist at the University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg.
Researchers have long explored this idea by observing animals
such as chimpanzees, dolphins and elephants, but
biologist Natalia Borrego of South Africa's University of KwaZulu - Natal focuses on big cats.
Thomas is a wildlife
biologist by training, but he now uses technology
such as satellite remote sensing and software applications
such as geographic information systems to model vector disease transmission.
Coat the surfaces with an adhesive
such as Tissue - Tek, sticky gunk that
biologists use to affix cells to microscope plates, and chill the plates to freezing.
It is evident to anyone attending meetings
such as those at BIRS that the problems that mathematical
biologists work on span time zones and international borders.
Nanoplasmonic materials have attracted the attention of
biologists, chemists, physicists and material scientists, with possible uses in a diverse array of fields,
such as biosensing, data storage, light generation and solar cells.
Researchers
such as geneticist Richard King of the University of Minnesota and cell
biologist Vitali Alexeev of Thomas Jefferson University are working on gene therapies or drugs that would fix albinism - causing mutations.
Economists, fisheries and evolutionary
biologists from Kiel University, the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, and the Finnish University of Helsinki working together in an interdisciplinary project have calculated how fishery and aquaculture will develop in the coming decades in regard to popular types of edible fish
such as sea bass, salmon, cod and tuna.
The interdisciplinary project team is made up of eco - and human toxicologists, physicists, chemists and
biologists, and they have just managed to take their first major step forward in achieving their goal: they have developed a method for testing a variety of environmental samples
such as river water, animal tissue, or human urine and blood that can detect nanomaterials at a concentration level of nanogram per liter (ppb — parts per billion).
But the near - miss inspired NASA
biologist Lynn Rothschild to design a new kind of drone: one that would have minimal environmental impact if it crashed because it would be made of biodegradable materials,
such as bacteria and fungus.
HFSP supports interdisciplinary, basic life - science research, emphasizing international collaborations that bring
biologists together with scientists from fields
such as the physical sciences, computer science, and engineering.
He hopes to pursue projects
such as developing therapeutics with chemists, working with biophysicists to study protein conformational changes relevant to viral entry into the cell, and investigating cellular trafficking pathways relevant to the viral life cycle in collaboration with cell
biologists.
A new study led by
biologist R. Thomas Zoeller of the University of Massachusetts Amherst provides «the strongest evidence to date» that endocrine disrupting chemicals
such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) found in flame retardant cloth, paint, adhesives and electrical transformers, can interfere with thyroid hormone action in pregnant women and may travel across the placenta to affect the fetus.
Hortense Dodo, a food molecular
biologist on the team, says other attempts to solve the problem,
such as immune therapy or vaccines, have failed so far (but see ScienceNOW, 10 March).
However, a lack of agreement between conservation
biologists and space agencies on a definitive set of variables to track,
as well
as how to translate
such information into useful data for conservation, has meant that so far this game - changing resource has remained untapped.
Rescue of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature will ensure that
biologists have a place to resolve naming disputes,
such as the one over this giant tortoise officially known
as Testudo gigantea
Stem cell
biologist Amy Wagers and cardiologist Richard Lee, both of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, wondered if any circulating factors, in young blood,
such as hormones, might affect aging hearts.
In recent years,
biologists have argued that the best way to save species that need large territories,
such as the endangered jaguar, is to connect existing parks and other large environmental reserves with protected corridors that would allow the animals to move back and forth.
Biologists also carried out «active vigilance» campaigns,
such as the hunts on Ilha Grande.
Also, most DIY
biologists are interested in building genetic circuits in bacteria or yeast, and they can generally do this using well - established techniques,
such as SLiCE (seamless ligation cloning extract), and with genes that have been synthesized by commercial suppliers or that can be obtained from the iGEM registry.
Biologists studying great right whales (
such as Roger Payne in Argentine Patagonia) recognize individuals by the unique patterns of whitish growths, called callosities, on the whales» heads.
But that's not quite the way it is in more polygamous animal species
such as orangutans, nor was it that way, say many evolutionary
biologists, among our own ancestors.
«We found that prized sportfish,
such as Brook trout and the smaller fish that trout eat, are disappearing from lakes where species of Bass have expanded their habitats,» said Karen Alofs, a postdoctoral researcher working with ecologist and conservation
biologist Donald Jackson in the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology at U of T, describing a study published this week in Proceeding of the Royal Society B.
Eggleston's part of the project was aimed at finding genetic markers that would help
biologists zero in on the genes that cause defects in purebred dogs,
such as hip dysplasia and epilepsy.
Biologists knew that wild pollinators matter to wild plants
as well
as to certain crops
such as blueberries, but not to commercial agriculture
as a whole.
Dissatisfied with
such wobble in the basic gears of the molecular clock, evolutionary
biologists Sudhir Kumar and Sankar Subramanian decided to establish a more reliable mammalian mutation rate based on
as many gene sequences
as possible.
Biologists have found a virus that causes obesity in laboratory animals,
such as chickens and mice.
For many years
biologists have been able to witness evolutionary change in the laboratory by studying organisms
such as fruit flies or bacteria.
In recent years,
biologists have adapted it
as a precise tool for genetic engineering — in scientific experiments, and in prospective genetic - modification strategies against diseases
such as malaria.
Then, just
as an evolutionary
biologist compares physical traits between organisms to measure their similarity, he scored the differences between the stories using 72 plot points,
such as who played the villain, what trick the villain used, and how the story ends.
But some seem to think this isn't enough, particularly because not all the rules apply to researchers with no federal funding,
such as «garage»
biologists or «do it yourselfers.»
Since the 1940s,
biologists have believed that a species could split only if a geographical barrier —
such as an ocean or a mountain range — separated two populations and prevented them from mixing.