Sentences with phrase «such as black carbon»

Theoretically, coatings of essentially non-absorbing components such as organic carbon or sulphate on strongly absorbing core components such as black carbon can increase the absorption of the composite aerosol (e.g., Fuller et al., 1999; Jacobson, 2001a; Stier et al., 2006a), with results backed up by laboratory studies (e.g., Schnaiter et al., 2003).

For instance, a colleague from the University of Illinois — Tami Bond — has some of the best information on some types of aerosols, such as black carbon.

For example, pollutants such as black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), sulfur dioxide (SO2) or methane (CH4), affect human health both by altering climate as CO2 does (hereafter climate - health impacts) but also by more directly degrading air quality (hereafter composition - health impacts).

For more information on the other climate forcers, such as black carbon, please visit the Climate Change Indicators: Climate Forcing page.

Anthropogenic emissions include many types of GHG's as well as particulates such as black carbon and sulfate aerosols, each of which has a different effect on the atmosphere, and a different atmospheric lifetime.

Fast action to reduce short - lived climate pollutants, such as black carbon, methane, hydrofluorocarbons and tropospheric ozone, is key to improving air quality and slowing the rate of climate change.

Some aerosols, such as black carbon, absorb sunlight and produce a warming effect that might also inhibit rainfall.

Flaring only partially combusts the natural gas, and it releases many other hazardous pollutants such as black carbon, a major component of soot, which poses many adverse health risks and also contributes significantly to climate disruption.

Action on these pollutants is particularly important to Canada's North, a region that is warming faster than the rest of the planet, in part as a result of SLCPs such as black carbon.

Furthermore, it is suggested that aerosols with high absorptivity such as black carbon absorb solar radiation in the lower atmosphere, cool the surface, stabilise the atmosphere and reduce precipitation (Ramanathan et al., 2001).

Previous studies suggested impurities such as black carbon and dust drive melting of bare ice on the lower part of the ice sheet.

Reductions in some short - lived human - induced emissions that contribute to warming, such as black carbon (soot) and methane, could reduce some of the projected warming over the next couple of decades, because, unlike carbon dioxide, these gases and particles have relatively short atmospheric lifetimes.The amount of warming projected beyond the next few decades is directly linked to the cumulative global emissions of heat - trapping gases and particles.

It also argues for vigorous action to reduce non-CO2 climate forcings and pollutants such as black carbon and ozone.

[ISPM 6.3 c] This is true of most, but certainly not all, of the cited attribution studies, as even the ISPM admits that some studies do take into account forcings such as black carbon and land use.

To the extent that other effects such as black carbon etc. don't follow the Arrhenius law, some sign of this might be observable in the secular residual as a departure from that law.

Air pollutants such as black carbon, nitrates and sulphates penetrate into the body's cardiovascular and respiratory systems posing risks to human health.

UNEP is supporting countries and their partners to fast track action on this challenge through the PCFV and other programmes such as the Climate and Clean Air Coalition — which works to reduce short - lived climate pollutants such as black carbon in a number of key sectors, including transport, agriculture, waste, household cooking and heating, and brick production.

Fast Mitigation: «If we want to reduce the threat of climate change in the near future, there are actions to take now: reduce emissions of short - lived pollutants such as black carbon, cut emissions of methane from natural - gas fields and landfills, and so on,» says Stanford climate scientist Ken Caldeira.

Preliminary analyses show that most of the pollution was sulphate aerosols — along with dust and carbonaceous particles such as black carbon.

Whereas the greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere will contribute to warming the planet for many decades to come, Ramanathan says, the good news about warming agents such as black carbon is that they don't linger in the atmosphere for more than a few weeks.

Not exact matches

Measurements of the water vapor and of other molecules, such as carbon monoxide, suggest there is enough gas to feed the black hole until it grows to about six times its size.

Most carbon emissions linked to human activity are in the form of carbon dioxide gas (CO2), but other forms of carbon include the methane gas (CH4) and the particles generated by such fires — the tiny bits of soot, called black carbon, and motes of associated substances known as brown carbon.

For example, sequestrating short - lived climate pollutants, such as methane and black carbon, yields much faster reductions in global warming compared to reductions in CO2.

Sir Andy Haines, Professor of Public Health & Primary Care at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and study co-author, said: «This paper shows how heat related deaths will escalate in the absence of decisive action to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and short - lived climate pollutants such as methane and black carbon.

Larger aerosol particles greater than 100 nanometers, such as soot or black carbon, are known to help seed clouds.

Some environmentalists said it was important that so many non-Arctic countries would be there, considering the opportunity to push for new commitments from those countries to back things such as the Arctic Council's recent framework to control black carbon, which is still in an implementation phase.

«Black carbon emissions from burning biofuel such as yak dung have not been quantified before in the atmosphere of the Himalayas,» Saikawa says.

But this outcome is not a given and depends on a variety of factors that can impact black carbon emissions such as engine design, fuel composition and geographic location.

Taking factors such as sea surface temperature, greenhouse gases and natural aerosol particles into consideration, the researchers determined that changes in the concentration of black carbon could be the primary driving force behind the observed alterations to the hydrological cycle in the region.

«It's important to note that the article doesn't address the direct and immediate impact of forest burning, such as emissions of black carbon [considered a major driver of global warming owing to its high capacity for absorbing solar radiation].

With oil paints, certain pigments — such as carbon black and Van Dyke brown — often inhibit the process of polymerization by preventing the triglycerides from hitching up.

Many products, such as tires, contain significant amounts of nanoparticulate carbon black.

Instead, black carbon is expelled into the atmosphere combined with other compounds such as sulfates, which affect their heat - absorbing and reflective properties.

The boats produce other short - lived pollutants, such as sulfur oxides and black carbon, which have cooling and warming effects, respectively.

Other terms such as from CH4, O3 and black carbon are posited to decrease substantially as per the «alternative scenario» outlined by Hansen in a number of publications.

The team evaluated simulated cloud fields from the multi-scale aerosol - climate model and examined how specific human - caused aerosols, such as sulfate, black carbon (soot), and organic carbon affect those clouds and, in turn, the climate.

Black carbon is the term used for sooty particles produced by fossil fuel combustion and come from things such as automobile exhaust and biomass burning.

Red supergiants are cooler and redder than dwarfs of the same spectral type, and stars with particular spectral features such as carbon stars may be far redder than any black body.

My test car included the Bang & Olufsen Advanced Sound system ($ 6,300); the Audi Design package ($ 5,500), which includes black leather with Arras - red stitching, carbon - twill inlays, and a piano - black shifter; and such standard niceties as 22 - way power front seats (heated and ventilated, too), a power moonroof, navigation, an Alcantara headliner, and a head - up display.

Porsche Entry & Drive, TV tuner, Mobile phone preparation, Power steering Plus, Reversing camera including Parkassist, Porsche Dynamic Light System, Comfort lighting package, Sport Chrono Package, Privacy glazing, Soft close doors,19 - inch collapsible spare wheel, Aluminium door - sill trim strips, HomeLink (garage door opener), Black wheel arch extensions,Door - sill guards in carbon,Multi - function steering wheel, Interior package in carbon, Porsche Crest embossed on head, Wheel spacers on front and rear, Panoramic roof system, Side airbags in rear compartment, Preparation for Porsche Rear Seat entertainment, Porsche Rear Seat Entertainment,21 - inch Cayenne SportEdition, Agate Grey seat belts, Stainless steel front and rear, Vehicle key painted, Porsche Centre Leeds offer bespoke services including:, tailor made videos and vehicle delivery, We can also collect you from local transport links such as Leeds train station or Leeds Bradford Airport., We offer tailored finance packages and our team of buyers are on hand to offer the best price for your part exchange from any manufacturer., Have a question?

Other changes to mark the Competition apart include a sports exhaust system and ceramic brakes along with subtle styling cues such as gloss black exhaust tips, fixed rear spoiler, red brake calipers and a matte carbon finished front splitter and rear diffuser.

Last but not least, the Abarth personality is clearly expressed by features such as Akrapović exhaust with carbon tailpipes, Brembo brakes with black four - piston fixed callipers at the front, 17 - inch Supersport alloy wheels with special glossy grey finish, and Abarth by Koni suspension system with FSD (Frequency - Selective Damping).

Visual upgrades such as tailpipe covers, 18 - inch JCW alloy wheels finished in Jet Black, and a carbon fiber air inlet cover, complete the overall JCW Tuning Kit.

They feature a gleaming black Spirit of Ecstasy, cutting - edge materials such as carbon - fibre interwoven with aircraft - grade aluminium.

Other bits such as carbon - fiber mirror caps and black kidney grilles are also available.

The Black Edition sees the addition of skilled craftsmanship to the already breathtaking performance of the GT - R, with striking features such as an impressive carbon fibre rear spoiler and red and black interior treatBlack Edition sees the addition of skilled craftsmanship to the already breathtaking performance of the GT - R, with striking features such as an impressive carbon fibre rear spoiler and red and black interior treatblack interior treatment.

Automatically dimming mirrors with integrated rain sensor,Bi - Xenon main headlights including Porsche Dynamic Light System (PDLS), Carbon interior package (with leather interior), Chrono Package and preparation for lap trigger, Clubsport package, Cruise control, Digital radio, Door sill guards in carbon illuminated, Front axle lift system, Full bucket seats, HomeLink (programmable garage door opener), Porsche Ceramic Composite Brake (PCCB), Preparation outer door - sill guards illuminated, Reversing camera, Wheels painted in satin black (complete), Porsche Centre Leeds offer bespoke services including:, tailor made videos and vehicle delivery, We can also collect you from local transport links such as Leeds train station or Leeds Bradford Airport., We offer tailored finance packages and our team of buyers are on hand to offer the best price for your part exchange from any manufacturer., Have a question?

One striking visual feature that fits perfectly with the matt black paintwork is the carbon - fiber used to make external components, such as the diffuser and mirror casings.

Special content includes influences from the Turbo X performance model, such as the design of the front bumper and steering wheel plus carbon fiber interior finishes and black floor mats with grey binding.

The instrument panel gauges are black, in contrast with gloss carbon fiber elements such as the cluster trim, center console, steering wheel trim and door panels.