Sentences with phrase «such as volcanic eruptions»

In the below figure from the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, the bottom part shows the calculations including only natural forces, such as volcanic eruptions and changes in solar activity.

Professor Plimer said climate change was caused by natural events such as volcanic eruptions, the shifting of the Earth's orbit and cosmic radiation.

The primary driver of the past climate shifts is believed to be orbital mechanics and solar variability, with some contribution from Earth geophysical processes, such as volcanic eruptions.

Backing that up, NASA says that 1) sea surface temperature fluctuations (El Niño - La Niña) can cause global temperature deviation of about 0.2 °C; 2) solar maximums and minimums produce variations of only 0.1 °C, warmer or cooler; 3) aerosols from natural sources such as volcanic eruptions (Mount Pinatubo for example) have caused average cooling of 0.3 °C, but recent eruptions have had not had significant effect.

Most agree it's difficult to determine exactly what is driving late summer temperatures in the tropical Atlantic — be it natural climate variability, greenhouse gases or some other factor, such as volcanic eruptions.

I noted that the climate models reviewed by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) showed that temperature trends in the last century could not be explained on the basis of natural forces (such as volcanic eruptions) alone.

The answer is that CO2 is only one of several factors that influence temperature, such as volcanic eruptions, solar variability, sulfur dioxide emissions (see Figure 1), and small changes in the earth's orbit.

The climate system evolves in time under the influence of its own internal dynamics and because of external forcings such as volcanic eruptions, solar variations and human - induced forcings such as the changing composition of the atmosphere and land use change.

But even if so, they make clear that they are using a different process designed more for the purpose than the data you have picked up compiled for the volcano paper, and they allude to this directly: «So while these reconstructions have proved valuable for studying climate variability and the role of various forcing factors acting on relatively short timescales, such as volcanic eruptions [Briffa et al 1998a], they are of limited use for judging the warmth of 20th century warmth in a multicentury context.

I always believed that the oceans were an important element in localised weather conditions over the short term but feel that relatively sudden shifts in climate occur through external forcings such as volcanic eruptions, meteor strike and the effects of changes in cosmic rays and sun spot activity, which are, unfortunately, all chaotic by nature and unpredictable.

Instead, natural variations in the climate system and other external forcing factors (such as volcanic eruptions) will likely cause the rate of Arctic sea ice change to vary considerably from decade to decade, and perhaps even temporarily switch from negative (sea ice loss) to positive (sea ice growth).

Now scientists at MIT along with others have found that since 2000 the ozone hole has actually shrunk by an area half the size of the contiguous United States, although the process is also heavily affected by variables such as volcanic eruptions from year to year.

Our methodology also accounts for internal climate variability and other external drivers such as volcanic eruptions, as well as uncertainties in the proxy reconstructions and model output.

Change arising from some sources, such as volcanic eruptions or the West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapsing, may be abrupt — but they don't flip back just as quickly, centuries later.

They also took account of natural factors such as volcanic eruptions and climate variability to gauge the impact of human activity on the amount of monsoon rainfall.

Burning fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum adds carbon to the atmosphere that would otherwise remain trapped underground for perpetuity, absent geologic events such as volcanic eruptions or oil seepage.

Still others are quite natural, such as volcanic eruptions (which can cool the climate temporarily) and variations in the energy output of the sun.

The climate system evolves in time under the influence of its own internal dynamics and because of external forcings such as volcanic eruptions, solar variations and human - induced forcings such as the changing composition of the atmosphere and land - use change.»

In fact, we know that major heat releases such as volcanic eruptions are, by definition, not steady.

The computer models deal with the actual energy and matter flows within, and in and out of the system, and do not account for random geological or cosmological events, such as volcanic eruptions or asteroid impacts, solar disturbances, etc..

Arif, who is also the chairman of INACA, further explained that this achievement came when the airline industry is facing huge challenges, from a sluggish economy to a number of «force majeures» or natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions and haze.

A new study shows the chemical register of climate change and global episodes such as volcanic eruptions in high - mountain centennial forests in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain).

Tracking the ozone layer's recovery process is tricky because natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions and weather variations can alter the size of the ozone hole.

Large quantities of mercury are also released by natural processes such as volcanic eruptions, forest fires and erosion.

Some of them are quite unlikely to impact anyone with renters insurance in McKinney, such as volcanic eruption, but many are quite common things that happen to renters every day.

That list is lengthy, and includes both common risks such as fire, theft, and vandalism as well as less common risks such as volcanic eruption.

However, inspite of spending hours in filing a claim with all proof of delay (from the Airline) and new boarding passes, Access America denied my claim saying they would only cover natural disasters (such as a volcanic eruption or hurricane).

That list is lengthy, and includes both common risks such as fire, theft, and vandalism as well as less common risks such as volcanic eruption.

Not exact matches

Catastrophes can be caused by various natural events, including, among others, hurricanes, tornadoes and other windstorms, earthquakes, hail, wildfires, severe winter weather, floods, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and other naturally occurring events, such as solar flares.

It is entirely likely that causes such as fluctuations in the sun's intensity and volcanic eruptions may have contributed to a change in the global atmospheric temperature.

Now, research suggests that for the past decade, such stratospheric aerosols — injected into the atmosphere by either recent volcanic eruptions or human activities such as coal burning — are slowing down global warming.

There have been plenty of smaller volcanic eruptions in recent years, such as the continuously erupting Soufriere Hills on Montserrat and Tavurvur on Papua New Guinea, which may have exploded enough SO2 into the atmosphere.

The spatial deposition of sulfur particles in the bipolar ice cores, as calculated in the model, agrees well with the actually measured deposits of large volcanic eruptions, such as Pinatubo in 1991 or even of Tambora of 1815.

When scientists use climate models for attribution studies, they first run simulations with estimates of only «natural» climate influences over the past 100 years, such as changes in solar output and major volcanic eruptions.

After large volcanic eruptions that pump sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere, such as that of mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, the planet cools for a year or two.

Sustaining fresh water and energy resources; mitigating the effects of natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, severe weather, landslides, coastal erosion, and solar flares; and dealing with the consequences of global warming and sea - level rise are issues that affect all populations, regardless of gender, ethnicity, or cultural traditions.

Since the 1990s, scientists have been discussing using aircraft to inject aerosols, such as sulfates, into the atmosphere as a form of geoengineering to mimic volcanic eruptions that sometimes cool the planet by casting shades of particulate matter.

Their study also did not incorporate other important predictors for volcanic eruptions such as earthquakes and gas output — although the researchers plan to include these measurements in future studies.

«Improving how we anticipate activity using new technology such as this is an important first step in doing better at forecasting and preparing for volcanic eruptions,» said STREVA Principal Investigator, Dr Jenni Barclay.

Interestingly, some scientists argue that without the cooling effect of major volcanic eruptions such as El Chichn and Mount Pinatubo, global warming effects caused by human activities would have been far more substantial.

Their findings: natural influences such as changes in the amount of sunlight or volcanic eruptions did not explain the warming trends, but the results matched when increasing levels of greenhouse gas emissions were added to the mix.

Infrasound signals can remain strong as they travel over large distances, making them useful for pinpointing the location and size of events such as nuclear explosions, meteorite strikes, volcanic eruptions and sometimes earthquake ruptures.

Seismic waves can be generated naturally, during earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, for example, or by artificial means such as explosions.

These datasets will be used to improve strategic and hazard - warning capabilities of events in near real - time, such as tracking plumes from dust storms, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires.

NATURAL catastrophes such as asteroid impacts, massive volcanic eruptions or large - scale wildfires would have periodically plunged our planet into abnormal darkness.

The human impact on climate during this era greatly exceeds that due to known changes in natural processes, such as solar changes and volcanic eruptions.»

LONDON (Reuters)- The world's first man - made ash cloud has been created by a team led by airline easyJet and planemaker Airbus to test how passenger aircraft cope with volcanic blasts such as the 2010 Icelandic eruption.

The researchers warn, however, that the future evolution of the AMO remains uncertain, with many factors potentially affecting how it interacts with atmospheric circulation patterns, such as Arctic sea ice loss, changes in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions and concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The scientists studied works painted around the times of major volcanic eruptions, such as the cataclysmic explosion of Mount Krakatoa in 1883, to measure how much pollution was pumped into the skies.

Atmospheric changes that caused volcanic eruptions centuries ago, such as the one in Timanfaya or the Tambora volcano (Indonesia)- which hid the sunlight for months -, had an impact on high - mountain centennial forests in the Iberian Peninsula, as stated in an article published in the journal Science of the Total Environment in which the lecturer Emilia Gutiérrez, from the Faculty of Biology of the University of Barcelona, has taken part.