Scientists have suggested that
such embryonic stem cells could be used for learning about genetic diseases, testing new drugs on cells grown in the lab, or growing healthy cells for therapeutic transplantation.
Of course,
such embryonic stem cells are not available in adult patients, so being able to create them from regular cells is an important step.
Not exact matches
When
embryonic stem cell research came up, Johnson stated that
such research has been «overhyped.»
Benedict argued that non-conjugal reproduction
such as in vitro fertilization had created «new problems» ¯ the freezing of human embryos, for instance, and the selective abortion of medically implanted embryos, together with pre-implantation diagnosis,
embryonic stem -
cell research, and attempts at human cloning.
The NIH defines totipotent
cells as the source of both
embryonic stem cells and of trophoblast
cells which give rise to extra-
embryonic tissues
such as the placenta.
research; since most of the reports have concentrated on justifying the creation of cloned human embryos for research into and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
such as Parkinson's, «
stem -
cells» has become synonymous with «
embryonic stem -
cells» in the public imagination.
Embryonic stem cells are produced during development by the same process of epigenetic programming that later will produce adult
cells such as skin and brain.
Such a single - step conversion of an adult
cell into an
embryonic stem cell entirely avoids the question of whether an embryo has been created, since the
cell produced by ANT - OAR never exhibits any of the properties of a single -
cell embryo.
(i) a woman's right to an abortion; (iii) medical immunization of teen girls (and boys) against HPV; (iv) assisted suicide; (vi) gay marriage; (vii) my right to view art and theatre deemed «offensive,» «blasphemous» or «obscene» Catholics; (viii) basic $ ex education for older school children; (ix) treating drug abuse as principally a medical issue; (x) population control; (xi) buying alcohol on a Sunday in many places; (xii) use of condoms and other contraceptives; (xiii)
embryonic stem cell research; (xiv) little 10 year - old boys joining organizations
such as the Boy Scouts of America, regardless of the religious views of their parents; and (xv) gays being allowed to serve openly in the military.
A very significant step away from
embryonic stem -
cell research was taken recently when a previously forthright advocate of
such research softened his stance on other ethical alternatives.
Yet just
such an unlikely resolution may be in hand for one of the most acrimonious conflicts of recent times: the debate over human
embryonic stem cells....
For example, ten or twenty years from now, the physician's tools may include
embryonic stem cells or products obtained from cloned embryos and fetuses gestated for that purpose, making physicians who provide
such treatments complicit in the life destruction required to obtain the modalities.
On Thursday, the United Nations» member states will consider two resolutions: One resolution would ban all human cloning methods, including efforts to use cloned
embryonic stem cells to try and generate healthy tissues, or to treat degenerative diseases
such as Parkinson's.
Human
embryonic stem cells are at last being tested in common, potentially fatal diseases
such as heart failure and diabetes
Although the U.S. government puts stringent restrictions on funding for research on
embryonic stem cells, individual states
such as California have set up institutes to perform that work and general
stem cell studies.
Using a mathematical model known as the Ising model, invented to describe phase transitions in statistical physics,
such as how a substance changes from liquid to gas, the Johns Hopkins researchers calculated the probability distribution of methylation along the genome in several different human
cell types, including normal and cancerous colon, lung and liver
cells, as well as brain, skin, blood and
embryonic stem cells.
Research involving the derivation and use of
embryonic stem (ES)
cells is permissible only where there is strong scientific merit in, and potential medical benefit from,
such research.
In 2006, Japanese scientists figured out how to reprogram specialized
cells,
such as those in skin, so that they act like
embryonic stem cells.
The act of reprogramming
cells to make them as capable as ones from embryos apparently can result in aberrant
cells that age and die abnormally, suggesting there is a long way to go to prove
such cells are really like
embryonic stem cells and can find use in therapies.
Embryonic stem cells helped researchers develop other research tools,
such as iPSCs, he pointed out.
Contributions from careful, sober - minded scientists can also help defuse controversy in fields that get headlines,
such as climate change and
embryonic stem cells.
In this way they act like
embryonic stem cells and share their revolutionary therapeutic potential — and as
such, they could eliminate the need for using and then destroying human embryos.
Such cells are called primed
embryonic stem cells.
In the last few years, researchers have learned how to turn
embryonic stem cells into all sorts of different
cell types,
such as skin
cells, heart
Although
embryonic stem cells are naturally pluripotent, iPS
cells are created by scientists from existing adult
cells,
such as skin or blood.
He has been making that point since 2004, when in testimony to the U.S. Senate, he warned
embryonic stem cell opponent Sam Brownback of Kansas, «Those in a position of advice or authority who participate in the banning or enforced delays of biomedical research that could lead to the saving of lives and the amelioration of suffering are directly and morally responsible for the lives made worse or lost due to the ban, or even of a moratorium that would deny
such treatments in that short window of time when it could help or save them.»
There is evidence that chronic disabilities
such as spinal cord lesions, diabetes, and Parkinson?s disease, where replacement of just one
cell type restores tissue function, can be treated with differentiated
embryonic stem cells.
The result — the second
such finding in the past year — suggests that similar
cells from human testicles might have similar powers, paving the way to creating replacement tissue for men who have suffered damage from heart attacks or other injuries and avoiding some of the controversy surrounding
embryonic stem cells (ESC).
Pluripotent
stem cells include
embryonic stem cells, which are derived from early embryos, and induced pluripotent
stem cells, which are made by reprogramming
cells taken from adult tissues
such as skin.
Not only do many of the ethical challenges posed by
embryonic stem cells remain, but the relative ease and low cost of iPS techniques, combined with the accessibility of
cells, accelerate the need to address futuristic - sounding possibilities
such as creating gametes for reproduction.
A fix for broken rat hearts Scientists this week successfully implanted human
embryonic stem cells into rats that suffered heart attacks, coming a heartbeat closer to realizing the full potential of
such therapy.
He has guided us through
such issues as the organ donor market (he opposed the sale of kidneys to the highest bidder), the Terri Schiavo case (he opposed government intervention to keep her alive), and the
stem cell wars (he supports
embryonic stem cell research).
hESC researchers George Daley of Children's Hospital Boston and Sean Morrison of the University of Michigan told the panel why research on other types of
stem cells,
such as adult
stem cells and so - called induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPSCs), can't substitute for work on
embryonic cells.
«Researchers are just now figuring out how adult somatic
cells such as skin
cells can be turned into
embryonic stem cells.
Embryonic stem cells have the potential to develop into any
cell type in the body, and many scientists would like to discover how to use them to treat intractable diseases
such as diabetes or Parkinson's disease.
Neural crest
cells are a type of
stem cell; during vertebrate
embryonic development, they eventually differentiate into specialized
cells such as those that make facial skeleton
cells or those that create pigment
cells.
Until recently,
such cells could be produced only by destroying human embryos and harvesting
embryonic stem cells.
Human
embryonic stem cells derived from affected embryos during a pre-implantation diagnostic (PGD), as well as the conversion of somatic
cells,
such as skin fibroblasts, into induced pluripotent
stem cells by genetic manipulation, offer the unique opportunity to have access to a large spectrum of disease - specific
cell models.
Benedict argued that non-conjugal reproduction
such as in vitro fertilization had created «new problems» ¯ the freezing of human embryos, for instance, and the selective abortion of medically implanted embryos, together with pre-implantation diagnosis,
embryonic stem -
cell research, and attempts at human cloning.
Yamanaka and Takahashi began their search by studying
embryonic stem cells in the hope of identifying the genes that underlie essential
stem cell characteristics,
such as pluripotency and proliferation, a
cell's ability to replicate itself.
The Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research argues that seven in ten Americans want to eliminate restrictions on public funding of
embryonic stem cell research, while the Conference of Catholic Bishops points to a poll showing six in ten oppose
such funding altogether.
Pluripotent
cells such as
embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent
stem (iPS)
cells are the starting point from which to generate organ specific
cell types.
Current efforts, mostly conducted in animal models, involve attempting to derive and aggregate
embryonic stem cells, exposing them to
such factors as acetic acid, allowing them to differentiate, or specialize, and then sorting through these
cells to extract the
cell types of interest.
At present, there are no
embryonic stem -
cell treatments approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and most human studies of
such therapies have shown unremarkable results.
When derived from fetal membranes,
such as chorionic and amniotic membranes, MSCs are considered an intermediate between human
embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and adult
stem cells.
Human pluripotent
stem cells (hPSCs), including human
embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent
stem cells (hiPSCs), are known to be vulnerable to apoptosis upon various technical manipulation,
such as single
cell dissociation, freezing and thawing, etc., which hinder their use for clonal isolation in gene transfer, differentiation and FACS
cell sorting.
Such an immunological exemption could alleviate many concerns about using cells for therapy that don't exactly match the recipient's immune system - such as existing embryonic stem cell lines that are not directly derived from the recipi
Such an immunological exemption could alleviate many concerns about using
cells for therapy that don't exactly match the recipient's immune system -
such as existing embryonic stem cell lines that are not directly derived from the recipi
such as existing
embryonic stem cell lines that are not directly derived from the recipient.
Stem cell researchers from UCLA used a high resolution technique to examine the genome, or total DNA content, of a pair of human embryonic stem cell lines and found that while both lines could form neurons, the lines had differences in the numbers of certain genes that could control such things as individual traits and disease susceptibil
Stem cell researchers from UCLA used a high resolution technique to examine the genome, or total DNA content, of a pair of human
embryonic stem cell lines and found that while both lines could form neurons, the lines had differences in the numbers of certain genes that could control such things as individual traits and disease susceptibil
stem cell lines and found that while both lines could form neurons, the lines had differences in the numbers of certain genes that could control
such things as individual traits and disease susceptibility.
This approach to derive patient - specific
Embryonic Stem cell - like
cells (iPS
cells) is going to open up research into the genetic causes of disease and the search for therapies not only for
such diseases, but also for repairing tissues damaged in other ways.
Other bodies,
such as GTAC and the MHRA, will then be involved in the regulation of any clinical trials involving either
embryonic or fetal
stem cells.»