At least in the US, many of the messages and ads around smoking have been regulated to a degree where
such health disclosures are required.
Not exact matches
According to Dr Mahama, developed democracies
such as the United States of America do not shy away from public
disclosures of the
health of politicians.
I say this even knowing that governments already require the
disclosure of some information that has no direct impact on
health,
such as country of origin.
By submitting User Materials to or using the Site, you represent that you have the full legal right to provide the User Materials, that
such User Materials will not: (a) divulge any protected
health information or infringe any intellectual property rights of any person or entity or any rights of publicity, personality, or privacy of any person or entity, including without limitation as a result of your failure to obtain consent to post personally identifying or otherwise private information about a person or which impersonates another person; (b) violate any law, statute, ordinance, or regulation; (c) be defamatory, libelous or trade libelous, unlawfully threatening, or unlawfully harassing or embarrassing; (d) be obscene, child pornographic, or indecent; (e) violate any community or Internet standard; (f) contain any viruses, Trojan horses, worms, time bombs, cancelbots, or other computer programming routines that damage, detrimentally interfere with, surreptitiously intercept, or expropriate any system, data or personal information, or that facilitate or enable
such or that are intended to do any of the foregoing; (g) result in product liability, tort, breach of contract, personal injury, death, or property damage; (h) constitute misappropriation of any trade secret or know - how; or (i) constitute
disclosure of any confidential information owned by any third party.
A court may require
disclosure of
such information if it is necessary to prevent a manifest injustice, help establish a violation of law, or prevent harm to the public
health or safety.
When a veterinarian reasonably believes that
disclosure of records as defined in this section, is necessary to protect the
health or welfare of a companion animal, a person or the public, the veterinarian may disclose
such records to the police, duly incorporated society for the prevention of cruelty to animals, peace officer, animal control officer, department of agriculture and markets, other appropriate government agency, or any agent thereof.
Examples of
such limits are HIPAA which restricts
health - professionals
disclosure of medical information, and FERPA which restricts an educational institution's
disclosure of student records.
Are the provincial
health information protection acts (I think of the Personal Health Information Protection Act in Ontario, but most provinces have them, as noted) considered adequate protection for such disclosure from t
health information protection acts (I think of the Personal
Health Information Protection Act in Ontario, but most provinces have them, as noted) considered adequate protection for such disclosure from t
Health Information Protection Act in Ontario, but most provinces have them, as noted) considered adequate protection for
such disclosure from the EU?
Cloisters has always been at the cutting edge of clinical negligence law, playing a lead role in many of the major cases
such as A v Powys Local
Health Board (# 10.7 m), the highest ever clinical negligence award at trial and the first to break through the # 10m barrier; Masterman - Lister v Brutton & Co and others, the leading Court of Appeal case on capacity; Iqbal v Whipps Cross University NHS Trust leading Court of Appeal case regarding compensation for the «lost years» and the doctrine of precedent; Crofton v NHSLA in respect of the impact of local authority payments on damages for care; and Lucas v Barking, Havering & Redbridge Hospitals NHS Trust, the leading case on
disclosure of draft witness statements and expert reports.
A facilitator, who generally has a mental
health license, is oftentimes utilized to ensure that the parties focus on what is most important to them (
such as their children) rather than the arguments of the past, and a neutral financial professional is oftentimes used to cut costs on financial
disclosure and ensure the parties have a personally - tailored financial solution.
Professor Lofstedt made many sensible suggestions
such as exempting from
health and safety law those self - employed whose work activities pose no potential risk of harm to others, simplifying the
disclosure requirement for pre-action protocols and reviewing the requirement for strict liability in some regulations.
To the extent a covered entity is required by law to use or disclose protected
health information in a particular manner, the covered entity may make
such a use or
disclosure under § 164.512 (a).
At least one commenter explained that if we required consent or authorization for use and
disclosure of protected
health information for treatment, payment, and
health care operations then we must also have a right to request restrictions of
such disclosure in order to make the consent meaningful.
Response: Under the proposed rule, even if the researcher only viewed the medical record at the site of the covered entity and did not record the protected
health information in a manner that patients could be identified,
such an activity would have constituted a use or
disclosure that would have been subject to proposed § 164.508 or proposed § 164.510.
The final rule permits a covered
health care provider providing emergency
health care in response to a medical emergency, other than
such emergency on the premises of the covered
health care provider, to disclose protected
health information to a law enforcement official if
such disclosure appears necessary to alert law enforcement to (1) the commission and nature of a crime, (2) the location of
such crime or of the victim (s) of
such crime, and (3) the identity, description, and location of the perpetrator of
such crime.
(ii) The activities involve the use or
disclosure of protected
health information that
such other component creates or receives from or on behalf of the component that performs covered functions.
Under the NPRM, if a covered entity used or disclosed protected
health information for research, but the researcher did not record the protected
health information in a manner that persons could be identified,
such an activity would have constituted a research use or
disclosure that would have been subject to either the individual authorization requirements of proposed § 164.508 or the documentation of the waiver of authorization requirements of proposed § 164.510 (j).
Other commenters suggested that the proposed rules authorized the compelled
disclosure of individually identifiable
health information in violation of State constitutional provisions,
such as those in California and Florida.
Any
such use or
disclosure of protected
health information for
such notification purposes must be in accordance with paragraphs (b)(2), (3), or (4) of this section, as applicable.
The July 1977 Report of the Privacy Protection Study Commission recommended that a
health care provider should not disclose individually - identifiable information for certain purposes without the individual's authorization unless «an accounting of
such disclosures is kept and the individual who is the subject of the information being disclosed can find out that the
disclosure has been made and to whom.»
We believe that the proposed rule appropriately balances the benefits of providing individuals with information about uses and
disclosures of protected
health information with covered entities» need for flexibility in describing
such information.
Response: We do not accept the commenter's broad recommendation to apply the regulation only to the «
disclosure» of protected
health information and not to «use» of
such information.
Uses and
disclosures that would have been permitted without individual authorization included uses and
disclosures for national priority purposes
such as public
health, law enforcement, and research (see proposed § 164.510) and uses and
disclosures of protected
health information, other than psychotherapy notes and research information unrelated to treatment, for purposes of treatment, payment, and
health care operations (see proposed § 164.506).
Furthermore, when a covered entity can not practicably obtain an individual's agreement before disclosing protected
health information to a relative or to a person involved in the individual's care and is making decisions about
such disclosures consistent with the exercise of professional judgment regarding the individual's best interest, covered entities must take into account whether
such a
disclosure is likely to put the individual at risk of serious harm.
Similarly, private entities,
such as coding committees, that help government agencies that are
health plans make coding and payment decisions are performing
health care payment functions on behalf the government agencies and, therefore, must enter into business associate agreements in order to receive protected
health information from the covered entity (absent individuals» authorization for
such disclosure).
Under the NPRM, the covered entity could have created
such a board and could have relied on it to review research proposals for uses and
disclosures of protected
health information for research.
The rule waives the requirement for individual agreement if the victim is unable to agree due to incapacity or other emergency circumstance and: (1) The law enforcement official represents that the protected
health information is needed to determine whether a violation of law by a person other than the victim has occurred and the information is not intended to be used against the victim; (2) the law enforcement official represents that immediate law enforcement activity that depends on
such disclosure would be materially and adversely affected by waiting until the individual is able to agree to the
disclosure; and (3) the covered entity, in the exercise of professional judgment, determines that the
disclosure is in the individual's best interests.
In some states, patients can hold providers accountable for some unauthorized
disclosures of
health information about them under various tort theories,
such as invasion of privacy and breach of a confidential relationship.
Comment: Several comments addressed the portion of proposed § 164.510 (k) that would have provided a presumption of reasonable belief to covered entities that disclosed protected
health information pursuant to this provision, when
such disclosures were made in good faith, based on credible representation by a person with apparent knowledge or authority.
We intend to minimize the potential for covered entities to coerce individuals into signing authorizations for the use or
disclosure of protected
health information when
such information is not essential to carrying out the relationship between the individual and the covered entity.
One
such commenter approved of the provision as a needed fail - safe mechanism should the enumeration of permissible uses and
disclosures of protected
health information in the NPRM prove to be incomplete.
Other commenters noted that OSHA not only requires
disclosures to the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration, but also to third parties,
such as employers and employee representatives.
Absent
such designation, affiliates are business associates of the covered entity if they perform a function or service for the covered entity that necessitates the use or
disclosure of protected
health information.
Because the right to request restrictions encourages discussions about how protected
health information may be used and disclosed and about an individual's concerns about
such uses and
disclosures, it may improve communications between a provider and patient and thereby improve care.
We proposed that when a covered entity could not practicably obtain oral agreement to disclose protected
health information to next - of - kin, relatives, or those with a close personal relationship to the individual, the covered entity could make
such disclosures consistent with good
health professional practice and ethics.
Many asked that the definition of disease management be clarified to identify those functions that, although some might consider them to be subsumed by the term, are not permitted under this regulation without authorization,
such as marketing and
disclosures of protected
health information to employers.
We also proposed to require covered
health care providers and
health plans to state in the notice that all other uses and
disclosures would be made only with the individual's authorization and that
such authorization could be revoked.
In order to give individuals some control over their
health information for uses and
disclosures of protected
health information for treatment, payment, and
health care operations, we provide individuals with the opportunity to request restrictions of
such uses and
disclosures.
We believe it is appropriate to allow
disclosure of protected
health information without authorization to private entities only: For purposes that the FDA has, in effect, identified as national priorities by issuing regulations or express directions requiring
such disclosure; or if
such disclosure is necessary for a product recall.
Another commenter similarly urged that the standard not apply to internal
disclosures or for internal
health care operations
such as quality improvement / assurance activities.
We expect
such authorizations will rarely be necessary, because we expect covered entities that maintain protected
health information to obtain consents that permit them to make anticipated uses and
disclosures for these purposes.
The final rule requires at § 164.512 (i)(1)(iii) that covered entities obtain from the researcher (1) representation that the use or
disclosure is sought solely for research on the protected
health information of decedents; (2) documentation, at the request of the covered entity, of the death of
such individuals; and (3) representation that the protected
health information for which use or
disclosure is sought is necessary for the research purposes.
(i) A covered
health care provider providing emergency
health care in response to a medical emergency, other than
such emergency on the premises of the covered
health care provider, may disclose protected
health information to a law enforcement official if
such disclosure appears necessary to alert law enforcement to:
In the proposed rule we allowed covered entities to disclose protected
health information without individual consent for purposes of treatment, payment or
health care operations — even when the
disclosure was to a non-covered entity
such as a workers» compensation carrier.
Prior to any
disclosure permitted by this subpart, a covered entity must verify the identity and authority of persons requesting protected
health information, if the identity or authority of
such person is not known to the Start Printed Page 82796covered entity, and obtain any documentation, statements, or representations from the person requesting the protected
health information that is required as a condition of the
disclosure.
Thus, so long as the use of debt collectors is consistent with the regulatory requirements (
such as, providers obtain the proper consents, the
disclosure is of the minimum amount of information necessary to collect the debt, the provider or
health plan enter into a business associate agreement with the debt collector, etc.), relying upon debt collectors to obtain reimbursement for the provision of
health care would not be prohibited by the regulation.
A covered entity does not make whistleblower
disclosures of protected
health information, nor can it be expected to anticipate any
such disclosures by its workforce.
Comment: Many commenters suggested we prohibit
disclosure of psychotherapy notes without authorization for uses and
disclosures under proposed § 164.510 of the NPRM, or that protections should be extended to particular uses and
disclosures,
such as
disclosures for public
health, law enforcement,
health oversight, and judicial and administrative proceedings.
Thus, in the final rule, we allow covered entities to disclose protected
health information to entities subject to FDA jurisdiction for the following activities: To report adverse events (or similar reports with Start Printed Page 82670respect to food or dietary supplements), product defects or problems (including problems with the use or labeling of a product), or biological product deviations, if the
disclosure is made to the person required or directed to report
such information to the FDA; to track products if the
disclosure is made to a person required or directed by the FDA to track the product; to enable product recalls, repairs, or replacement (including locating and notifying individuals who have received products of product recalls, withdrawals, or other problems); or to conduct post-marketing surveillance to comply with requirements or at the direction of the FDA.
For instance,
disclosure of all protected
health information to an accreditation group would not necessarily violate the regulation, because the entire record may be the «minimum necessary» for its purpose; covered entities may establish policies allowing for and justifying
such a
disclosure.