Decades of research show that it's tricky to capture and use
such heat cost - effectively, but a spate of new studies suggest some solutions.
Not exact matches
Because gas is not evenly distributed around the world, and when regions
such as China and Korea look to import gas to
heat their homes, these high transportation
costs mean that large regional price differences can occur.
Typically these chips are made of silicon, but silicon carbide, a much more durable material, can greatly reduce power loss and boost
heat resistance, greatly improving the
cost and weight of
such devices.
Research Performance Fund — A $ 30 million fund announced in 2000 to help support the indirect
costs associated with research,
such as
heating, electrical power, technology transfer offices, libraries, and computer networks.
These efforts range from basic research about how polymers and other materials will react during the
heating and deposition process to more industrial applications,
such as developing a lower -
cost, high - temperature process for working with thermoplastics used to make air and space vehicle components.
«All of the syngas goes into
heat or energy production,» Synfuels chemist Ed Peterson says, and the company cuts down on
cost by using
such by - products to make energy and employing components built with cheaper steel alloyed with carbon as well as easy to maintain low pressures.
More
heat - resistant zooxanthellae may come with ecological
costs,
such as reduced growth and reduced reproductive ability, and hence lower recovery following damage.
Extrusion and steam explosion technology that we may use - kill all possible contamination with
heat and pressure, and make available for human consumption many nutrients
such as protein and vitamins at a fraction of the
cost.
Our school has always tried very hard to make it possible for my daughter to attend, but with a modest income and growing basic family expenses (
such as housing,
heating, transportation and fuel
costs) continuing at a private school has been increasing difficult and stressful.
Approved Food founder Dan Cluderay, said: «We're all used to hearing about the burden of
costs associated with returning to school, but the increased
cost of basic living is
such that now parents are even starting to feel the
heat when their offspring head off to university.»
Replace and upgrade: Install low -
cost energy saving technologies
such as low energy lights, energy efficient
heating and variable speed pumps.
Where
heat pumps are used for
heating, they are capable of highly
cost - efficient energy applications because they tap into a limitless supply of «free»
heat — either the surrounding air or
heat captured in the ground or water,
such as a lake.
All types of
heat pump, as listed above, can offer a solution for schools and the choice may well depend on factors
such as
cost, available space, hours of operation, availability of
heat source, and layout of the building.
The extra money does bring features
such as larger wheels,
heated leatherette seats, and a premium audio system, but Honda and Mazda's competitors offer significantly better materials and more appealing cabin designs for around the same
cost as the Trax.
Forego the finicky MyFord Touch and navigation systems, the flashy 17 - inch polished aluminum wheels, and the premium red candy metallic paint, and the Focus would
cost an easier - to - swallow $ 22,565 and still include goodies
such as
heated seats and Ford's Sync voice - activation system with Bluetooth.
There are plenty of optional extras if you're smitten with creature comforts,
such as a
heated steering wheel and a powered bootlid, but the one we'd really recommend is adjustable lumbar support — especially on the higher - end models, where it
costs significantly less than on cheaper versions.
Mercedes offers an «Exclusive Package» that
costs around # 2,000 and adds luxurious features
such as
heated seats, leather trim with contrasting stitching and aluminium embellishments to the interior of Sport models.
Like the CLA saloon, the Shooting Brake can be specified with an «Exclusive Package», which
costs around # 2,000 and adds luxurious features
such as
heated seats, leather dashboard trim with contrasting stitching and enhanced interior inlays.
Step four is adding one of four tiers, or specific features items,
such as a panoramic moonroof,
heated front seats, or LCD instrument panel that BMW calls: no tier, meaning no extra
cost; Convenience, $ 2,850 extra; Premium, $ 6,150 over no tier (and includes Convenience); or Executive, $ 9,650 (includes Convenience and Premium).
Some buyers may find it slightly galling that items
such as
heated seats
cost extra on the F - Type.
A Signature Entertainment Pack compromising of a CD / DVD player and 10 - inch rear seat entertainment screens is available and there are a number of no -
cost options to pick from
such as a
heated windshield,
heated wood and leather steering wheel, front center console refrigerator compartment and an activity key.
Metallic Orange, This car comes serviced, a full years mot, and up to 12 months warranty, we also arrange finance regardless of your credit profile plus there are no hidden
costs added on to the price of your new car
such as admin or sales fees., Upgrades - Automatic Air - Conditioning, Full service history, Excellent bodywork, White Full leather interior - Excellent Condition, Tyre condition Excellent, Standard Features - External Temperature Display, Steering Wheel Sports, Seats Sports (Front), Speakers, Electric Windows (Front), Interior World Carbon Black, Hill Holder,
Heated Washer Jets, DAB Radio, Steering Wheel Mounted Controls (Audio / Cruise Control), Seat Height Adjustment, Steering Wheel Leather, Immobiliser, Air Bag Driver, Electronic Brake Force Distribution, In Car Entertainment (Radio / CD / MP3), Power - Assisted Steering, Air Bag Side, Electronic Stability Programme, Sun Visor, Head Restraints, Cup Holder, Third Brake Light,
Heated Rear Screen, Adjustable Steering Column / Wheel, Sports Seats for Driver & Front Passenger, Rev Counter, Alloy Wheels (16in), Seat Belt Pre-Tensioners, Centre Console, Air - Conditioning, Washer Jets, Alarm, Tyre Pressure Control, Additional Decor Rings, Anti-Lock Brakes, Power Socket, Multi-Function for Steering Wheel, Traction Control System, Parking Aid (Rear), Air Bag Passenger, Gear Knob Leather, Central Door Locking, Mirrors External (Electric
Heated / Folding), Head Air Bags, Air conditioning, Leather seats, Power steering, Remote central locking, Parking aid.
Available options on the 2017 Chevrolet Colorado ZR2 will include: Class - exclusive 2.8 L Duramax Turbo - Diesel engine, paired with a six - speed automatic transmission, capable of 186 horsepower and 369 lb - ft of torque Choice of crew - or extended cab configurations (including short and long beds, respectively) 7 - speaker Bose premium audio system Dealer - installed, bed - mounted spare tire carrier Full - length black vinyl floor (no additional
cost — standard interior features leather seats and carpet) The ZR2's starting MSRP includes a number of key standard features unique to the trim level,
such as: Class - exclusive front and rear locking electronic differentials Revolutionary, segment - exclusive Multimatic Dynamic Suspensions Spool Valve (DSSVTM) dampers Off - road rocker protection Modified front and rear bumpers for better off - road obstacle clearance Exclusive ZR2 17 x 8 - inch aluminum alloy wheels 31 - inch Goodyear Wrangler Duratrac off - road tires New cast - iron control arms An aluminum skidplate that protects the radiator and engine oil pan Autotrac transfer case Transfer case shield Aggressive grille and hood combo unique to ZR2 Modified rear axle with a 3.42 ratio Front and rear tracks widened 3.5 inches over a standard Colorado Suspension lifted 2 inches over a standard Colorado Off - Road Mode Technology 4 - wheel disc brakes Other standard features include: Tow / haul mode Trailering Package, including trailer hitch and 7 - pin connector Integrated trailer brake controller Spray - on bedliner
Heated driver and passenger front seats Wireless phone charging Rear sliding window EZ Lift and Lower tailgate Locking tailgate Recovery hooks A six - speaker audio system with Chevrolet MyLink Radio with Navigation and an 8 - inch diagonal color touchscreen, AM / FM stereo with seek - and - scan and a digital clock, Bluetooth streaming audio for music and select phones, voice - activated technology for radio and phone featuring Apple CarPlay and Android Auto capability as well as an auxiliary jack All - terrain spare tire with unique ZR2 wheel Four USB ports: one on the instrument panel, one in the center console and two in the rear of the center console Electronic automatic cruise control Rear window electric defogger OnStar 4G LTE with built - in Wi - Fi Rear Vision Camera Remote keyless entry Remote vehicle starter system 4 - way power front driver and passenger seat adjuster with power driver lumbar control Rear seats with underseat storage Standard powertrain is the 3.6 L DI DOHC V6 with a class - leading 308 horsepower and 275 lb - ft of torque that is shared with other Colorado models.
It's easy to add
such niceties as a Bang & Olufsen stereo upgrade (# 750), a panoramic sunroof (# 950) and a
heated steering wheel (# 175), as well as many others, and watch the
cost of your S4 balloon in the process.
The G70 2.0 T Elite and 2.0 T Prestige
cost $ 47,000 and $ 52,000, respectively, add items
such as ventilated front seats,
heated rear seats, a 15 - speaker Lexicon stereo, navigation, head - up display, a 360 - degree camera system, among other things.
As a general rule, the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) says that your entire monthly housing
costs (rent as well as utilities
such as
heat, electricity and water) should be less than 42 % of your household income before taxes.
Hard
costs include expenses
such as demolition, excavation, framing, roofing, electrical, plumbing,
heating, drywall, windows, driveway, appliances etc..
A truly portable solar cooker
such as this could be a real gamechanger for car - campers and day - trippers, tailgaters and picnic - ers, backyard grillers and office lunches, because it offers near - instant
heat, has no fuel
costs and generates zero pollution, and is a perfectly appropriate workaround to fire bans.
Even with newer methods
such as molten salt thermal storage, although the insulation facilities are expensive, the
heat storage medium is
cost - effective.
Included here are the climate - change - related
costs of extreme weather events
such as Hurricanes Irene (which resulted in damages totaling $ 20 billion) and Sandy ($ 65 billion), along with the
costs we incur from increasingly dangerous floods, wildfires, and
heat waves that are fueled by global warming.
Just imagine a world where cooling
costs were no worse than those endured in the tropics, and there was no
such thing as a
heating cost.
Having
heat absorbing masonry materials as part of the home's interior structure,
such as floors and walls, can reduce overall building
costs, especially when, if things are designed correctly, the need for a furnace or boiler can be eliminated, or at least downsized.
Increased health - related impacts and
costs,
such as premature death and hospitalization due to even modest increases in
heat, are predicted in the Northeast's urban centers (Ch.
Additionally, Passive House buildings are
cost effective to construct as they rely on inexpensive efficiency measures, not less effective equipment, and
cost effective to run as they have
such low
heating and energy requirements.
Researchers have tried to derive the true social
costs of, for instance, fossil fuels and the economic setbacks associated with specific climate events
such as
heat waves in single countries, or even the possible
costs in lives and income of multiple impacts across a continent.
It aggregates publicly available data (
such as capacity, generated power, and
heat rate) on non-cogenerating coal units and combines this with publicly available
cost methodologies to calculate the
cost of complying with environmental regulations.
The overarching objective of this study is to analyse the scale and scope of investments in low - carbon technologies in power generation, transport, buildings and industry (including
heating and cooling) that are needed to facilitate
such a transition in a
cost - effective manner, while also working towards other policy goals.
Natural gas is the preferred fuel for autoproducers, but there have been natural gas shortages in the late 1990s that have forced some of these small cogeneration power plants to turn to alternative fuels — not a preferred solution, since most alternative fuels are more expensive than natural gas (on a
heat content basis, including deliver
costs to the plant site) and some alternate fuels (
such as heavy oils) have a high sulfur content.
Energy efficiency gains reduce the
cost of important energy services
such as lighting,
heating, and transportation, thus enabling their consumption in greater quantities and, by extension, contributing to economic and social welfare.
• The
cost of a general distribution system for methane is orders of magnitude smaller than for major electrical grids, so areas still developing their energy systems can invest in local grids powered by small, re-deployable gas generators using a much cheaper distribution system that can also provide direct gas for
heating, cooking, and other
such purposes.
These effects will be tempered by the use of
heating and cooling technologies, but the
costs of additional cooling will be more than offset by reduced expenditure on
heating.While rising temperatures have the potential to increase the incidence of some diseases,
such as diarrhea, these effects are likely to be moderated by the adoption of better technologies, including piped clean water and sewerage.
In addition, because
such biological processes don't require extra
heating or electricity, Wood believes they would help to significantly cut down on
costs.
Chichilnisky says GT's process design, in which residual
heat is the main source of energy, is key to lowering
costs, since
such low
heat is inexpensive or even free.
However, sustainable transportation also comprises equity and accesssibility, public
heat,
such as air pollution and noise but also effects related to physical activity, and time and monetary
cost of transportation.
Building services engineers advise about, design, install and maintain
cost - effective and energy efficient systems for building services
such as water, lighting,
heating, air conditioning, lifts, and telecoms.
While mega-retailers
such as Wal - Mart tempt consumers with packaged foods that, assembled and
heated at home, are more
cost - effective than patronizing restaurants, eateries
such as The Outback -LSB-...]
«Passive systems,
such as geothermal, make use of natural
heating and cooling mechanisms [that can] drive
costs down.»
In some cases, he says, common - area charges
such as
heating, air - conditioning, and maintenance drive up operating
costs for retailers in malls, making village squares more desirable.
Such companies have a slew of needs — for example, lab spaces may necessitate technical and complicated infrastructure requirements, which can boost lab build out
costs to $ 300 to $ 400 a sq. ft.. Other requirements may be emergency generators, floors that carry heavy equipment, higher ceilings or robust
heating and air conditioning systems, Isaacs says.
In addition,
such features as efficient plumbing fixtures, high quality windows, enhanced insulation, reduce water consumption, space
heating, Energy Star appliances & compact fluorescent lighting all lend themselves to reduced energy
cost for home owners.