Current UK government policies recognise the need for universal parenting support to complement targeted and indicated approaches29 — 33 and the English Department for Education is currently piloting the offer of free vouchers for parenting classes (the CANParent initiative) to all parents in three areas of the country.34
Such recommendations derive from observations relating to the prevalence of suboptimal parenting, 35 the inefficiency of targeting on the basis of identifiable risk factors36, 37 and the potential for realising change in high risk as well as whole population groups by reducing the
stigma which may be attached to targeted parenting support.36 — 38 Given the range and prevalence of health and
social outcomes on which parent — child relationships have an influence, 2, 3, 5 — 16 universal approaches are appealing.
There are a number of factors which make managing A1C particularly difficult for teens including:
Social pressures and responsibilities, motivation, personality, nutrition, substance use, sleep habits, brain re-structuring, defence mechanisms (such as denial and avoidance), social justice issues (oppresion — racism), diabetes education, individuation, future - oriented culture, access to health services, family structure and dynamic issues, marital conflict between parents, family and friendship conflict with teen, mental health stigma, academic pressure and responsibility, limited mindfulness and somatic awareness, spirituality (especially concerning death), an under - developed ability to conceptualize long - term cause and effect (this is developmentally normal for teens), co-parenting discrepencies, emotional inteligence, individuation, hormonal changes, the tendency for co-morbidity (people with diabetes can be more prone to additional physical and mental health diagnosis), and many other life / environmental stressors (poverty, grief
Social pressures and responsibilities, motivation, personality, nutrition, substance use, sleep habits, brain re-structuring, defence mechanisms (
such as denial and avoidance),
social justice issues (oppresion — racism), diabetes education, individuation, future - oriented culture, access to health services, family structure and dynamic issues, marital conflict between parents, family and friendship conflict with teen, mental health stigma, academic pressure and responsibility, limited mindfulness and somatic awareness, spirituality (especially concerning death), an under - developed ability to conceptualize long - term cause and effect (this is developmentally normal for teens), co-parenting discrepencies, emotional inteligence, individuation, hormonal changes, the tendency for co-morbidity (people with diabetes can be more prone to additional physical and mental health diagnosis), and many other life / environmental stressors (poverty, grief
social justice issues (oppresion — racism), diabetes education, individuation, future - oriented culture, access to health services, family structure and dynamic issues, marital conflict between parents, family and friendship conflict with teen, mental health
stigma, academic pressure and responsibility, limited mindfulness and somatic awareness, spirituality (especially concerning death), an under - developed ability to conceptualize long - term cause and effect (this is developmentally normal for teens), co-parenting discrepencies, emotional inteligence, individuation, hormonal changes, the tendency for co-morbidity (people with diabetes can be more prone to additional physical and mental health diagnosis), and many other life / environmental stressors (poverty, grief etc.).