Researchers there are engineering a microbe that combines the last two stages of ethanol production: converting cellulose into sugar, and turning
sugar into ethanol.
The fungus ferments
sugar into ethanol, the process used to make wine and beer.
The biotech companies Genencor and Novozymes have developed enzymes that convert starches into sugars and ferment
the sugars into ethanol in a single step, streamlining the process.
Yeast and other microbes can ferment plant
sugars into ethanol, a gasoline additive.
Plus, this process, reported in Nature, works faster than the several days it takes Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast to ferment plant
sugars into ethanol, because it is chemically controlled and therefore can be completed in hours.
Yeast in rising dough converts
sugars into ethanol.
This organism, discovered several years ago in Massachusetts, is a natural consolidated bioprocessor, expresses requisite enzymes for the extraction of fermentable sugars from biomass, and co-ferments all the C5 and C6
sugars into ethanol.
That's the essential promise of CBP — by having a magic bug that will extract sugars from biomass, and at the same time ferment
those sugars into ethanol, you have a smaller, more consolidated design — compared to systems that have hydrolysis, and then move the sugary broth to a fermenter system to convert into ethanol.
Not exact matches
And Brazil, arguably the world leader in making
ethanol from crops, has been turning
sugar cane
into fuel for nearly three decades — a process that is 30 % cheaper than corn - based production in the U.S.
Seeking to find alternatives to
ethanol as a fuel, the study established optimal pre-treatment conditions for turning straw lignocelluloses and barley starch
into fermentable
sugars that -LSB-...]
They have managed to solve a problem that has long bedeviled
ethanol researchers: how best to split cellulose
into simple
sugars that can be fermented
into alcohol.
Commercial - scale efforts have existed for over a hundred years that convert corn,
sugar cane and other plant - based substances
into a wide array of products, ranging from fuel such as corn - based
ethanol to ingredients in many consumer goods, such as soap and detergents.
«The challenge is breaking down cellulose (plant) material, using enzymes,
into sugars that can be fermented
into ethanol,» he said.
A key issue is the conversion of existing corn
ethanol and sugarcane
ethanol facilities
into integrated cellulose / starch /
sugar production facilities.
Iogen Corporation has furthered this technology by developing enzymes to convert tough,
sugar - bearing cellulose in inexpensively produced agricultural waste
into ethanol (opposite page, top).
Plants are one way to capture the energy from the sun, and if you can break down the complex
sugars — which is what cellulases do —
into simple
sugars, then the simple
sugars can drive the metabolism and things like fermentation to produce
ethanol.
The team focused on yeast in part because of its important modern - day applications; yeasts are used to convert the
sugars of biomass feedstocks
into biofuels such as
ethanol and industrial chemicals such as lactic acid, or to break down organic pollutants.
Once they are extracted, the
sugars are fermented
into an alcohol — like
ethanol or butanol — that can then be used as a fuel.
Mascoma has developed yeast that can be dropped
into all cellulosic
ethanol fermentation processes to increase yields by fermenting the full array of
sugars present in cellulosic fermentations, and by secreting enzymes (cellulases and hemicellulases) that can improve hydrolysis yields.
The prevailing approach to biofuels production is to convert plant
sugars from traditional food crops
into ethanol using centuries - old fermentation practices.
Then they wait for the hungry bacteria to turn
sugars in the corn
into ethanol, a type of alcohol.
These carbohydrates are then exposed to enzymes that turn the carbohydrates
into sugars that can be fermented to make
ethanol or butanol.
Our results clearly showed that regardless of the carbohydrate content, marked decreases in the incorporation of labeled
sugars into transferrin and the enzymatic activities of galactosyltransferase and sialyltrans - ferase occurred in rats administered chronic
ethanol.
While there continue to be high hopes that biofuels made from plant products like corncobs and switchgrass can help meet our growing energy needs, one major obstacle has been the cost of enzymes which are used to break down these tough plant parts
into simple
sugars that can be turned
into ethanol.
Fast - growing sugarcane on highly fertile land in Brazil, for example, converts only around 0.5 percent of incoming solar radiation
into sugar, and only around 0.2 percent ultimately
into ethanol.
Sugars can be turned
into ethanol, which can be burned as a fuel.
But researchers in Spain have discovered a way to break down the stone's cellulosic fibers
into sugars that can be fermented to make
ethanol.
The team is studying a bacterium, or bioprocessing microbe, that can break down cellulosic biomass
into sugars for fermenting
into ethanol.
Our new microorganism, called TM242, can efficiently convert the longer - chain
sugars from woody biomass materials
into ethanol.
In the United States, the
sugar - cane industry has had little incentive to diversify
into ethanol production because import quotas support U.S.
sugar prices far above world levels.
So it created a system to convert the
sugar - rich wet wastes (apparently, U.S. soldiers drink a good amount of Kool - Aid)
into a form of
ethanol.
In 2006, a mere 6.2 million hectares was cultivated for BOTH
sugar and
ethanol and only HALF of this
sugar went
into ethanol.
The picture says
sugars are distilled
into ethanol.
Then there's Brazil, where the infrastructure to produce
ethanol from
sugar cane has transformed a formerly poor part of the country
into one of relative sufficiency if not affluence — and decreased pollution and petroleum dependence.