The researchers then trained the rats to recognize two colored lights: one signaling the availability
of sugar reward, and the other signaling the omission of this reward.
They found that the female offspring who were fed the nutrient - enriched diet during early life learned faster and were more motivated to obtain
the sugar reward.
Scientists exposed honeybee and bumblebee workers to the pesticide for 11 - 12 days and then assessed the effect of the pesticide using a proboscis extension reflex conditioning assay, which tests how bees learn to associate an odour with
a sugar reward.
The mutant flies were trained to associate
a sugar reward with a magnetic field.
Every flower contained
a sugar reward.
The yellow flowers provided
a sugar reward and the blue ones did not.
A new study shows that the insects can innovate to solve complex problems, quickly figuring out a better way to get
a sugar reward.
A single presentation of
a sugar reward to Drosophila activates distinct subsets of dopamine neurons that independently induce short - and long - term olfactory memories (STM and LTM, respectively).
When
that sugar reward becomes a necessary everyday treat, you know you are in trouble.