Titled «Initiation of Snowball Earth with volcanic
sulfur aerosol emissions,» the study posits a hypothesis by two researchers from Harvard University's John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS).
Not exact matches
Beyond reducing the volume of acidic particles in
aerosols, cutting the
sulfur emissions has also reduced the deposition of acids in lakes and waterways, noted Armistead «Ted» Russell, a Regent's Professor in Georgia Tech's School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and another of the paper's co-authors.
Researchers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, are using already available satellite measurements of
sulfur dioxide (SO2), a main components of volcanic
emissions, along with the more recent ability to map the location and vertical profiles of volcanic
aerosols.
Reducing
sulfur emissions also stops the cooling impact of sulfate
aerosols.
Anything above VEI 3 will likely have some effect on stratospheric
aerosols, (although the amount of
sulfur emissions don't correlate precisely with VEI index).
Pitari, G., E. Mancini, V. Rizi, and D. Shindell, 2002: Feedback of future climate and
sulfur emission changes an stratospheric
aerosols and ozone, J. Atmos.
In response, the IPCC added a cooling factor to its models of the atmosphere, consisting of tiny
aerosol particles produced by the
emission of
sulfur dioxide from electric power plants.
I'm not sure, therefore, what is the basis for your description of a «permanent cloud of
aerosols», particularly as it relates to
sulfur emissions.
My question woiuld be: What happens when human related forcing such as
aerosols,
sulfur emission, etc. act in opposition to other human related forcing such as greenhouse gas
emissions?
All of these studies find that humans are responsible for close to 100 % of the observed global warming over the past 50 years, and human greenhouse gas
emissions are responsible for close to 150 % of the observed warming, with human
aerosol (
sulfur dioxide - SO2)
emissions offsetting approximately one - third to one - half of that greenhouse warming.
The control knob for climate change is the amount of dimming
sulfur dioxide
aerosol emissions in the atmosphere — the fewer there are, the warmer it gets — and we are reducing them as fast as we can, thanks to the EPA.
Large
aerosol optical depths due to
sulfur emissions occur in Northern Hemisphere industrial regions.
Furthermore, estimating the direct and indirect
aerosol effects (29) through 2008 as a residual from the Earth's energy balance (as was done for 1954 — 2000) would generate results that either support or contradict the increased importance of anthropogenic
sulfur emissions discussed above.
Concentrations of sulfate
aerosols were especially high during these years before regulations like the Clean Air Act limited
sulfur dioxide
emissions that produce sulfate
aerosols.
The failure to actually reduce global
emissions has meant that all possibilities are now on the table, including some that sound like premises from a science - fiction novel: Humans could sequester carbon dioxide by removing it from the air through technologies that mimic trees, or we could spray water droplets in the lower atmosphere to reflect light and heat back to space, or we could seed
sulfur aerosols in the stratosphere to do the same.
Tags for this Online Resume:
emission, flue gas,
sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, particulate,
aerosol, nanoparticle, colloid, mercury, selenium, wastewater, fgd, research