Sentences with phrase «summer sea ice forming»

Without summer sea ice forming to establish the CHL, he says, the ocean mixes more — and less ice forms.

Not exact matches

Satellite data show that, between 1979 and 2013, the summer ice - free season expanded by an average of 5 to 10 weeks in 12 Arctic regions, with sea ice forming later in the fall and melting earlier in the spring.

«Right now, pregnant females foraging offshore in summer must wait up to a month longer than they did just 10 years ago for new sea ice to form so they can travel to denning areas on land,» says Steve Amstrup of the USGS.

It has also decreased the amount of the oldest, thickest Arctic sea ice, leaving polar waters dominated by thinner ice that forms in the fall and melts in the summer.

[UPDATE, 5/20: Natalie Angier has written a nice column on the relatively unheralded walrus, which — like the far more charismatic polar bear — is having a hard time as Arctic sea ice retreats earlier and farther each spring and summer and forms later in the boreal fall.

(57j) For surface + tropospheric warming in general, there is (given a cold enough start) positive surface albedo feedback, that is concentrated at higher latitudes and in some seasons (though the temperature response to reduced summer sea ice cover tends to be realized more in winter when there is more heat that must be released before ice forms).

Assuming that the open water in summer gets reasonably mixed through a 50 - 200 meter layer, the meter + layer of sea ice forms from water with a salt content of ~ 33psu.

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

Any existing ice this year will form the basis of the multi-year ice, yes — but the sea forms at the bottom, in contact with sea water, and melts at the top — so at the end of next summer, all of this year's ice could have melted off the top, leaving only the new ice beneath, possibly thinner than this year.

N form the summer of 2014 and the amount of sea ice volume (PIOMAS) in the end of the winter (28.2.15).

I'll give you the summer, which is when no sea ice forms.

This has never happened before because the sea ice never retreated very much in the summer and the water temperature could not rise above zero because of the ice cover... The permafrost is acting as a cap for a very large amount of methane (CH4), which is sitting in the sediments underneath in the form of methane hydrates.

Newly grown sea ice (greyish areas) forming between old floes, which survived the previous summer melt.

In contrast, sea ice in 2008 (Fig. 4) has a slightly greater extent than 2007 and not all first - year sea ice that formed in winter 2008 melted out during the summer, providing a basis for forming second - year sea ice during winter 2009 and beyond.

If northern Siberia does not heat up, then the necessary depressions may not form in the northern part of the Urals and the coming melting season could look more like 2007 and 2012 with significant high pressure areas over the sea ice during summer months.

A landmark new study in Nature Climate Change finds the melting of the sea ice over the last 30 years at a rate of 8 % per decade is directly linked to extreme summer weather in the US and elsewhere in the form of droughts and heatwaves.

As your references point out, during summer, sea - ice melts and ponds form, thus the sea - ice albedo declines sharply.