Even so, ancient Venus still received about 40 percent more
sunlight than Earth does today.
Assuming a rotation rate similar to today, the planet could have had a habitable climate until at least 715 million years ago (SN Online: 8/26/16), even if Venus got 70 percent more
sunlight than Earth does now, physicist Michael Way of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City and colleagues reported in 2016 in Geophysical Research Letters.
Not exact matches
At sea level on
Earth,
sunlight's «radiation pressure» is about 50 million times smaller
than atmospheric pressure.
«There are other elements involved, but if size were the only factor, we'd be looking for an asteroid smaller
than about 40 feet (12 meters) across,» said Paul Chodas, a senior scientist in the Near -
Earth Object Program Office at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. «There are hundreds of millions of objects out there in this size range, but they are small and don't reflect a lot of
sunlight, so they can be hard to spot.
When snow melts in response to warming, more
sunlight can be absorbed at
Earth's surface because most surfaces have a lower reflectivity
than snow.
As
sunlight passes through
Earth's atmosphere, air molecules refract the light, scattering blue light more effectively
than red, leaving red to fill our planet's shadow.
Some prior research has suggested that carbon dioxide emissions from all lakes on
Earth are less
than what was found in the Arctic, and future factors could shift the importance of
sunlight, noted Lars Tranvik, a Swedish scientist, in an accompanying Science article.
The
earth receives more energy from one hour of
sunlight than is consumed in one year by the entire planet, but there is currently no way to use this energy because there is no way to conserve all of it.
However, Venus is closer to the sun
than Earth and receives far more
sunlight.
«We don't really know why it is so much stronger at Venus
than Earth,» said Collinson, «but, we think it might have something to do with Venus being closer to the sun, and the ultraviolet
sunlight being twice as bright.
Sunlight is a form of renewable energy that is virtually limitless: more solar energy strikes the
earth each hour
than the entire world uses in a year!
«Jupiter is five times farther from the sun
than Earth, and the
sunlight that reaches that far out packs 25 times less punch,» said Nybakken.
It is close by (in terms of outer space) and has enough
sunlight, although it is colder
than Earth, especially at night.
Funny that you neglected to mention that Mars has less
than 1 % the atmospheric pressure of
Earth, and that Mars gets less
than half the amount of
sunlight per unit area
than Earth does.
The nearly two years» worth of reading and animated discussions that went into this study have convinced me more
than ever that the idea of «fixing» the climate by hacking the
Earth's reflection of
sunlight is wildly, utterly, howlingly barking mad.
Polar amplification is the phenomenon that any change on the impact of
sunlight on the
Earth, for example through the release of greenhouse gases, tends to have a larger effect on the poles
than the equator.
In clear skies at noon with sun at zenith at
Earth distance, you have 1000 watts, which is a reduction of 360 watts from TOA of 1360 watts per square meter, which less
than 27 % reduction or more
than 73 % of
sunlight reaches the surface.
The ice normally reflects more heat and
sunlight back into space
than open ocean or bare ground, so when it is reduced, the
Earth gets a small incremental heat flux that will result in an increase in temperatures.
Let the water vapor or some other greenhouse gas be reduced, and the warm
earth will be losing more heat
than it gains from
sunlight.
And Mars thin atmosphere allows more
sunlight to hit the surface, and because of
Earth comparatively very thick atmosphere, that's why I said that with only visible light it would as cold or much colder
than Mars.
It would be a sudden effect and something like removing or blocking the
sunlight - but unlike having the sun blocked, the night side of
earth cool as rapidly as sunlit side - or night would have the more noticeable
than day lite side.
So 60 % reaches
Earth surface [affects earth surface in someway], but more than 1/2 of sunlight reaching or affecting earth as first been absorbed, scattered, reflected by atmosphere and cl
Earth surface [affects
earth surface in someway], but more than 1/2 of sunlight reaching or affecting earth as first been absorbed, scattered, reflected by atmosphere and cl
earth surface in someway], but more
than 1/2 of
sunlight reaching or affecting
earth as first been absorbed, scattered, reflected by atmosphere and cl
earth as first been absorbed, scattered, reflected by atmosphere and clouds.
It has been noted for several decades that climate models tend to predict that
Earth will become more sensitive to CO2 as, for example, polar ice melts, exposing open ocean and land that absorb rather
than reflect
sunlight.
Although increased vegetation would sequester additional carbon, this would be more -
than - offset by the loss of the albedo effect, whereby
sunlight bounces off white (snow and ice covered) parts of the
Earth.
«Precise measurements of temperature within the ocean confirm that the
Earth is absorbing more energy from
sunlight than it emits back to space, providing perhaps the strongest evidence to date that rising concentrations of greenhouse gases and other pollutants are the primary cause of the current global warming trend.
To even everything up Venus would have to absorb seven times as much
sunlight, and that would make that altitude of Venus a lot hotter
than Earth.
Also, I could not find any correctly conducted experiments (tests & measurements) that would somehow prove to me that the warming properties of CO2 (by trapping
earth's radiation between the wavelengths 14 - 15 um) are greater
than its cooling properties (by deflecting
sunlight at various wavelengths between 0 — 5 um).
For this reason, the shell will receive less W / sqm from
Earth radiation
than is emitted by the surface, because the radiation will spread out by the inverse square law just as
sunlight gets less intense the further from the sun you get, and the shell will radiate more to space
than back to
Earth.
Persisting contrails can spread into extensive cirrus clouds that tend to warm the
Earth, because they reflect less
sunlight than the amount of heat they trap.
[update] From the realclimate article I mentioned: «In one sense, Venus is rather similar to
Earth: it has nearly the same mass as
Earth, and while its orbit is somewhat closer to the Sun, that effect is more
than made up for by the
sunlight reflected from Venus» thick cloud cover.
This would be enough to offset the co2 imbalance and keep temperatures no different
than today (approx), but questions remain as to how reduced
sunlight would affect the
earth, plants and humans in other ways.
For example, they pointed to additional temperature data gathered in the last few years, which have been substantially warmer
than any similar string of years in many centuries; to improvements in computer models designed to project future trends; and to better understanding of the influence of other climate - influencing emissions, like particles of sulfates that can cool the
earth by reflecting
sunlight back into space.
The eccentricity cycle affects how much more
sunlight the
Earth receives when it is closest to the Sun (perihelion)
than when it is furthest from the Sun (aphelion) and also enhances or decreases the effect on
sunlight of the other two irregularities.
White roofs are more reflective
than green roofs, reflecting roughly three times more
sunlight back into the atmosphere and therefore absorbing less
sunlight at
earth's surface.
They are now quite complex and factor in things like; variable output by the sun, variations in the
earth's orbit around the sun, greenhouse gases AND dust from volcanoes, greenhouse gases from decay in wetlands and from agriculture (rice paddies are artificial wetlands), differences in the reflectivity («albedo») of different surfaces (grass reflects more
sunlight than forest, and ice much more
than open water etc.)... and there are many more.
In China, Russia, and Japan, work is underway to build space - based solar collection stations, where the
sunlight is actually eight times stronger
than on the
earth (because our atmosphere diffuses the sun's rays).
Sunlight, falling on the
Earth when it's about 3,000,000 miles closer to the sun in January, is about 7 % more intense
than in July.
Uranus is at the extreme end with a tilt of ~ 98 degrees; this would induce a very different structure of solar heating (where at certain times the North or South pole would be receiving most of the
sunlight, and allow for a large migration of the solar «hotspot» over the course of one Uranian year); this should drive a different atmospheric circulation
than on
Earth.