Not exact matches
Potential cardioprotection was based on generally
supportive data on lipid levels in intermediate outcome clinical trials, trials in nonhuman primates, and a large body of observational studies suggesting a 40 % to 50 % reduction in risk among users of either estrogen
alone or, less frequently, combined estrogen and progestin.2 - 5 Hip fracture was designated as a secondary outcome, supported by observational data as well as clinical trials showing benefit for bone mineral density.6, 7 Invasive breast cancer was designated as a primary adverse outcome based on observational data.3, 8 Additional clinical outcomes chosen as secondary outcomes that may plausibly be affected by hormone
therapy include other cardiovascular diseases; endometrial, colorectal, and other cancers; and other fractures.3, 6,9
Options include chemotherapy,
supportive palliative
therapy with steroids
alone, or bone marrow transplant.
Five patients who received cognitive behaviour
therapy and two who received
supportive counselling were free from all positive symptoms after treatment, whereas none who received routine care
alone achieved this.
What is perhaps unexpected is that
supportive counselling achieved an intermediary position between cognitive behaviour
therapy and routine care
alone, suggesting that non-specific psychological effects — such as intensive interest and support — can have a beneficial effect for patients with chronic psychosis.
Patients receiving routine care
alone showed minimal change, and those who received
supportive counselling showed some improvement but less so than those receiving cognitive behaviour
therapy.
The following hypotheses were tested: that the cognitive behaviour
therapy would be superior to
supportive counselling and routine care, and routine care
alone, firstly, in reducing positive psychotic symptoms; secondly, in preventing the exacerbation of positive symptoms and reducing hospital stay; and, thirdly, by using the convention of the previous study of 50 % improvement in positive symptoms as an indicator of considerable clinical improvement, 6 in the number of patients achieving such improvement.
Design: Patients with chronic schizophrenia were randomly allocated, stratified according to severity of symptoms and sex, to intensive cognitive behaviour
therapy and routine care,
supportive counselling and routine care, and routine care
alone.
In trial 2, 54 patients who either lived
alone or shared quarters with non-relatives were allocated to personal
therapy (n = 25) or
supportive therapy (n = 29).