Sentences with phrase «surface absorbs energy»

Not exact matches

They absorb heat energy rising from the Earth's surface and re-emit some of that heat back down towards the ground.

On Earth, the plant pigment chlorophyll absorbs the most abundant and highest - energy colors that reach the planet's surface — red and blue, respectively — while reflecting green, giving vegetation its color.

And again, because those surfaces are dark, they absorb even more thermal energy from the sunlight, establishing an ongoing amplification process.»

«Just as clouds reflect radiation efficiently, they also absorb radiation efficiently and re-emit that energy back to warm the surface.»

According to theory, a mirror can absorb energy from virtual photons onto its surface and then re-emit that energy as real photons.

When sunlight shines on a solar panel, photons — tiny packets of light energy — bombard the panel's surface like a barrage of bullets and get absorbed.

During collision, the kinetic energy of the projectile is transferred to the beads and dissipates as they butt into each other below the surface, absorbing the force of the collision.

Xi Zhang at the University of California at Santa Cruz and his team calculated that the particles can absorb about 1 to 5 per cent of incoming solar energy, with the rest reflected back by Pluto's surface (Nature, doi.org/cgbz).

Surfaces such as asphalt roads and concrete buildings absorb and then radiate a lot of solar energy, which can leave urban areas 6 to 8 degrees Celsius warmer than rural regions.

Rice's new drawbridge method for color switching incorporates metal nanoparticles that absorb light energy and convert it into plasmons, waves of electrons that flow like a fluid across a particle's surface.

Nitrogen - doped titanium dioxide absorbs visible sunlight and then releases it as electrical energy to destroy certain organic molecules bound to its surface.

But when sea ice melts, it exposes the darker surface of the underlying water, which absorbs solar energy.

Averaged over Earth's surface the absorbed solar energy is ∼ 240 W / m2, so the full amplitude of measured solar variability is ∼ 0.25 W / m2.

However, an example of a factor that affects the ability of your muscles to absorb oxygen would be the extent of the blood capillary distribution at your muscles (more blood capillaries means more surface area for oxygen absorption), and an example of a factor that affects the ability of your muscles to use oxygen would be the mitochondrial density of your muscles (mitochondria are organelles in your cells that are primarily responsible for the cellular respiration process that uses oxygen to create ATP energy).

The greenhouse gases absorb some infrared radiation emitted by the surface of the Earth and in turn radiate the absorbed energy back to the surface.

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Interesting features of this model are roomy interior and cargo space, comfortable ride., safety features, and Value pricing Tinted glass Body - color body - side moldings Body - color heated pwr mirrors Body - color door handles Body - color bumpers Speed - sensitive variable intermittent windshield wipers Pwr door locks Seatback pockets Remote keyless entry system w / alarm Front bucket seats w / active head restraints Air conditioning w / cabin air filter Locking glovebox Rear coat hanger Dual tier console w / fixed armrest, storage, (2) cupholders Cruise control Map pockets Warnings - inc: oil pressure, battery, door ajar, trunk open, brake, check engine Instrumentation - inc: tachometer, coolant temp, trip odometer, digital clock Full floor carpeting Assist grips Pwr windows w / driver auto up / down, pinch protection, lockout Remote fuel / hood release Cloth door trim Rear center armrest w / (2) cupholders Tilt steering wheel Door sill scuff plates Rear window defroster Center console mounted 12 - volt pwr outlet Cloth seating surfaces In - glass antenna Tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) Lighting - inc: dome, ignition, glovebox, map Rear 60/40 split-fold seats w / outboard headrests Independent multi-link rear suspension w / gas shocks P215 / 60VR16 all - season tires Compact spare tire Independent double - wishbone front suspension w / gas shocks 2.4 L DOHC CVVT 16 - valve I4 engine Shift interlock system Traction control system (TCS) w / electronic stability control (ESC) 4 - wheel anti-lock brakes (ABS) w / electronic brake force distribution (EBD), brake assist 16 x 6.5 steel wheels w / covers Pwr rack & pinion steering w / engine - speed - sensing Front wheel drive Front / rear stabilizer bars 4 - wheel disc brakes 4 - speed automatic transmission w / OD, Shiftronic City 21 / hwy 30 (2.4 L engine / 4 - speed auto trans) Lower / upper anchors & tethers for children (LATCH) system 3 - point seatbelts for all seating positions Shift interlock system Driver / front passenger advanced airbags Emergency internal trunk release Driver / front passenger seat - mounted side - impact airbags Traction control system (TCS) w / electronic stability control (ESC) Energy - absorbing steering column 4 - wheel anti-lock brakes (ABS) w / electronic brake force distribution (EBD), brake assist Front seat belt pretensioners & force limiters Hood buckling creases & safety stops Front / rear crumple zones Body - side reinforcements Front / rear side - curtain airbags

4 Cylinder Engine,ABS,4 - Wheel Disc Brakes,6 - Speed A / T, A / C, A / T, Adjustable Steering Wheel, Security System, Aluminum Wheels, AM / FM Stereo, Transmission w / Dual Shift Mode, Automatic Headlights, Auxiliary Audio Input,Back - Up Camera, Brake Assist, Bucket Seats, CD Player, Child Safety Locks, Cloth Seats, Temporary Spare Tire, Cruise Control, Daytime Running Lights, Driver Air Bag, Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror, Driver Vanity Mirror, Stability Control, Front Wheel Drive, Gasoline Fuel, HD Radio, Heated Mirrors, Intermittent Wipers, Keyless Entry, Knee Air Bag, MP3 Player,Telematics,Pass - Through Rear Seat, Passenger Air Bag, Passenger Air Bag Sensor, Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror, Passenger Vanity Mirror, Power Door Locks, Power Mirror (s), Power Steering, Power Windows, Rear Bench Seat, Rear Defrost, Rear Head Air Bag, Rear Spoiler, Remote Trunk Release, Satellite Radio, Front Side Air Bag, Front Head Air Bag, Steering Wheel Audio Controls, Tire Pressure Monitor, Tires - Front All - Season, Tires - Rear All - Season, Traction Control, Trip Computer, Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers, Bluetooth Connection,Body - Colored Door Handles,Body - Colored Front Bumper,Body - Colored Power w / Tilt Down Heated Side Mirrors w / Convex Spotter and Manual Folding,Body - Colored Rear Bumper, Chrome Side Windows Trim and Black Front Windshield Trim, Clearcoat Paint, Compact Spare Tire Mounted Inside Under Cargo, Fixed Rear Window w / Defroster, Front Windshield - inc: Sun Visor Strip, Fully Automatic Projector Beam Halogen Daytime Running Headlamps w / Delay - Off, Fully Galvanized Steel Panels, Light Tinted Glass, Lip Spoiler,Metal - Look Grille, Perimeter / Approach Lights, Speed Sensitive Variable Intermittent Wipers, Steel Spare Wheel, Tires: P205 / 65R16, Trunk Rear Cargo Access, Wheels: 16 x 6.5 J Aluminum Alloy, 3 12V DC Power Outlets, 5 Person Seating Capacity,60 - 40 Folding Bench Front Facing Fold Forward Seatback Rear Seat, Air Filtration, Analog Display, Cargo Space Lights, Carpet Floor Trim and Carpet Trunk Lid / Rear Cargo Door Trim, Cloth Door Trim Insert, Cruise Control w / Steering Wheel Controls,Day - Night Rearview Mirror, Delayed Accessory Power, Driver And Passenger Visor Vanity Mirrors w / Driver And Passenger Illumination, Driver Foot Rest,Fade - To - Off Interior Lighting, FOB Controls - inc: Trunk / Hatch / Tailgate, Front And Rear Map Lights, Front Bucket Seats - inc: multi-adjustable driver's seat w / adjustable lumbar support, 6 - way manual passenger seat w / height adjust, seatback pockets and energy absorbing front seats, Front Center Armrest and Rear Center Armrest, Front Cupholder, Full Carpet Floor Covering, Full Cloth Headliner, Full Floor Console w / Covered Storage, Mini Overhead Console w / Storage and 3 12V DC Power Outlets, Gauges - inc: Speedometer, Odometer, Engine Coolant Temp, Tachometer, Trip Odometer and Trip Computer, HVAC - inc: Underseat Ducts, Illuminated Locking Glove Box, Instrument Panel Covered Bin, Driver / Passenger And Rear Door Bins, Interior Trim - inc: Metal - Look Instrument Panel Insert, Metal - Look Door Panel Insert and Metal - Look Interior Accents, Manual Adjustable Front Head Restraints and Manual Adjustable Rear Head Restraints, Manual Air Conditioning, Manual Tilt / Telescoping Steering Column, Outside Temp Gauge, Perimeter Alarm, Power 1st Row Windows w / Driver 1 - Touch Up / Down, Power Door Locks w / Autolock Feature, Power Rear Windows, Rear Cupholder, Redundant Digital Speedometer, Remote Keyless Entry w / Integrated Key Transmitter, 2 Door Curb / Courtesy, Illuminated Entry, Illuminated Ignition Switch and Panic Button, Remote Releases - Inc: Power Trunk / Hatch and Power Fuel, Selective Service Internet Access, Systems Monitor, Trip Computer, Urethane Gear Shift Knob, Valet Function, YES Essentials Premium Cloth Seating Surfaces, 150 Amp Alternator, 18.5 Gal.

Smooth - surfaced bodies, energy - absorbing bumpers, flush - mounted door handles, laminated - glass windscreens, folding exterior mirrors and recessed windscreen wipers are pedestrian - protection measures that have been features of Mercedes models for many years.

4 Cylinder Engine,ABS,4 - Wheel Disc Brakes,6 - Speed A / T, A / C, A / T, Adjustable Steering Wheel, Security System, Aluminum Wheels, AM / FM Stereo, Transmission w / Dual Shift Mode, Auxiliary Audio Input, Brake Assist, Bucket Seats, CD Player, Child Safety Locks, Cloth Seats, Temporary Spare Tire, Cruise Control, Daytime Running Lights, Driver Air Bag, Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror, Driver Vanity Mirror, Stability Control, Front Wheel Drive, Gasoline Fuel, Heated Mirrors, Keyless Entry, Knee Air Bag, MP3 Player,Pass - Through Rear Seat, Passenger Air Bag, Passenger Air Bag Sensor, Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror, Passenger Vanity Mirror, Power Door Locks, Power Mirror (s), Power Steering, Power Windows, Rear Bench Seat, Rear Defrost, Rear Head Air Bag, Rear Spoiler, Remote Trunk Release, Satellite Radio, Front Side Air Bag, Front Head Air Bag, Steering Wheel Audio Controls, Tire Pressure Monitor, Tires - Front All - Season, Tires - Rear All - Season, Traction Control, Trip Computer, Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers, Bluetooth Connection,Body - Colored Door Handles,Body - Colored Front Bumper,Body - Colored Power w / Tilt Down Heated Side Mirrors w / Convex Spotter and Manual Folding,Body - Colored Rear Bumper, Chrome Side Windows Trim and Black Front Windshield Trim, Clearcoat Paint, Compact Spare Tire Mounted Inside Under Cargo, Fixed Rear Window w / Defroster, Front Windshield - inc: Sun Visor Strip, Fully Automatic Projector Beam Halogen Daytime Running Headlamps w / Delay - Off, Fully Galvanized Steel Panels, Light Tinted Glass, Lip Spoiler,Metal - Look Grille, Perimeter / Approach Lights, Projector Beam Halogen Daytime Running Headlamps, Speed Sensitive Variable Intermittent Wipers, Steel Spare Wheel, Tires: P205 / 65R16, Trunk Rear Cargo Access, Wheels: 16 x 6.5 J Aluminum Alloy, 3 12V DC Power Outlets, 5 Person Seating Capacity,60 - 40 Folding Bench Front Facing Fold Forward Seatback Rear Seat, Air Filtration, Analog Display, Cargo Space Lights, Carpet Floor Trim and Carpet Trunk Lid / Rear Cargo Door Trim, Cloth Door Trim Insert, Cruise Control w / Steering Wheel Controls,Day - Night Rearview Mirror, Delayed Accessory Power, Driver And Passenger Visor Vanity Mirrors w / Driver And Passenger Illumination, Driver Foot Rest,Fade - To - Off Interior Lighting, FOB Controls - inc: Trunk / Hatch / Tailgate, Front And Rear Map Lights, Front Bucket Seats - inc: multi-adjustable driver's seat w / adjustable lumbar support, 6 - way manual passenger seat w / height adjust, seatback pockets and energy absorbing front seats, Front Center Armrest and Rear Center Armrest, Front Cupholder, Full Carpet Floor Covering, Full Cloth Headliner, Full Floor Console w / Covered Storage, Mini Overhead Console w / Storage and 3 12V DC Power Outlets, Gauges - inc: Speedometer, Odometer, Engine Coolant Temp, Tachometer, Trip Odometer and Trip Computer, HVAC - inc: Underseat Ducts, Illuminated Locking Glove Box, Instrument Panel Covered Bin, Driver / Passenger And Rear Door Bins, Interior Trim - inc: Metal - Look Instrument Panel Insert, Metal - Look Door Panel Insert and Metal - Look Interior Accents, Manual Adjustable Front Head Restraints and Manual Adjustable Rear Head Restraints, Manual Air Conditioning, Manual Tilt / Telescoping Steering Column, Outside Temp Gauge, Perimeter Alarm, Power 1st Row Windows w / Driver 1 - Touch Up / Down, Power Door Locks w / Autolock Feature, Power Rear Windows, Rear Cupholder, Redundant Digital Speedometer, Remote Keyless Entry w / Integrated Key Transmitter, 2 Door Curb / Courtesy, Illuminated Entry, Illuminated Ignition Switch and Panic Button, Remote Releases - Inc: Power Cargo Access and Power Fuel, Selective Service Internet Access, Systems Monitor, Trip Computer, Urethane Gear Shift Knob, Valet Function, YES Essentials Premium Cloth Seating Surfaces, 150 Amp Alternator, 18.5 Gal.

4 Cylinder Engine,ABS,4 - Wheel Disc Brakes,6 - Speed A / T, A / C, A / T, Adjustable Steering Wheel, Security System, Aluminum Wheels, AM / FM Stereo, Transmission w / Dual Shift Mode, Auxiliary Audio Input, Brake Assist, Bucket Seats, CD Player, Child Safety Locks, Temporary Spare Tire, Cruise Control, Daytime Running Lights, Driver Air Bag, Driver Illuminated Vanity Mirror, Driver Vanity Mirror, Stability Control, Front Wheel Drive, Gasoline Fuel, Heated Mirrors, Intermittent Wipers, Keyless Entry, Knee Air Bag, MP3 Player,Pass - Through Rear Seat, Passenger Air Bag, Passenger Air Bag Sensor, Passenger Illuminated Visor Mirror, Passenger Vanity Mirror, Power Door Locks, Power Mirror (s), Power Steering, Power Windows, Rear Bench Seat, Rear Defrost, Rear Head Air Bag, Rear Spoiler, Remote Trunk Release, Satellite Radio, Front Side Air Bag, Front Head Air Bag, Steering Wheel Audio Controls, Tire Pressure Monitor, Traction Control, Trip Computer, Variable Speed Intermittent Wipers, Bluetooth Connection,Body - Colored Door Handles,Body - Colored Front Bumper,Body - Colored Front Bumper w / Gray Rub Strip / Fascia Accent,Body - Colored Power w / Tilt Down Heated Side Mirrors w / Convex Spotter and Manual Folding,Body - Colored Power w / Tilt Down Heated Side Mirrors w / Convex Spotter, Manual Folding and Turn Signal Indicator,Body - Colored Rear Bumper, Chrome Bodyside Insert, Chrome Grille, Chrome Side Windows Trim and Black Front Windshield Trim, Clearcoat Paint, Compact Spare Tire Mounted Inside Under Cargo, Fixed Rear Window w / Defroster, Front Windshield - inc: Sun Visor Strip, Fully Automatic Projector Beam Halogen Daytime Running Headlamps w / Delay - Off, Fully Galvanized Steel Panels, Light Tinted Glass, Lip Spoiler,Metal - Look Grille, Perimeter / Approach Lights, Projector Beam Halogen Daytime Running Headlamps, Speed Sensitive Variable Intermittent Wipers, Steel Spare Wheel, Tires: P205 / 65R16, Tires: P215 / 55R17, Trunk Rear Cargo Access, Wheels: 16 x 6.5 J Aluminum Alloy, Wheels: 17 x 7.0 J Aluminum Alloy, 3 12V DC Power Outlets,60 - 40 Folding Bench Front Facing Fold Forward Seatback Rear Seat, Air Filtration, Analog Display, Cargo Space Lights, Carpet Floor Trim and Carpet Trunk Lid / Rear Cargo Door Trim, Cloth Door Trim Insert, Cruise Control w / Steering Wheel Controls,Day - Night Rearview Mirror, Delayed Accessory Power, Driver And Passenger Visor Vanity Mirrors w / Driver And Passenger Illumination, Driver Foot Rest,Fade - To - Off Interior Lighting, FOB Controls - inc: Trunk / Hatch / Tailgate, Front And Rear Map Lights, Front Bucket Seats - inc: 10 - way power driver's seat w / 2 - way power lumbar support, 6 - way manual passenger seat w / height adjust, seatback pockets and energy absorbing front seats, Front Bucket Seats - inc: multi-adjustable driver's seat w / adjustable lumbar support, 6 - way manual passenger seat w / height adjust, seatback pockets and energy absorbing front seats, Front Center Armrest and Rear Center Armrest, Front Cupholder, Full Carpet Floor Covering, Full Cloth Headliner, Full Floor Console w / Covered Storage, Mini Overhead Console w / Storage and 3 12V DC Power Outlets, Gauges - inc: Speedometer, Odometer, Engine Coolant Temp, Tachometer, Trip Odometer and Trip Computer, HVAC - inc: Underseat Ducts, Illuminated Locking Glove Box, Instrument Panel Covered Bin, Driver / Passenger And Rear Door Bins, Interior Trim - inc: Metal - Look Instrument Panel Insert, Metal - Look Door Panel Insert and Metal - Look Interior Accents, Interior Trim - inc: Simulated Carbon Fiber Instrument Panel Insert, Simulated Carbon Fiber Door Panel Insert and Metal - Look Interior Accents, Leatherette Door Trim Insert, Manual Adjustable Front Head Restraints and Manual Adjustable Rear Head Restraints, Manual Air Conditioning, Manual Tilt / Telescoping Steering Column, Outside Temp Gauge, Perimeter Alarm, Power 1st Row Windows w / Driver 1 - Touch Up / Down, Power Door Locks w / Autolock Feature, Power Rear Windows, Rear Cupholder, Redundant Digital Speedometer, Remote Keyless Entry w / Integrated Key Transmitter, 2 Door Curb / Courtesy, Illuminated Entry, Illuminated Ignition Switch and Panic Button, Remote Releases - Inc: Power Cargo Access and Power Fuel, Selective Service Internet Access, Systems Monitor, Tracker System, Trip Computer, Urethane Gear Shift Knob, Valet Function, YES Essentials Premium Cloth Seating Surfaces, 150 Amp Alternator, 18.5 Gal.

The clutch located on the PTU has two functions: axial disk surfaces with a high friction coefficient are used to absorb synchronization energy; while a self - energizing, bi-directional wedge clutch supports high drive train torques.

Airbags provide an energy absorbing surface between the occupants and at the interior of the cars.

You claim that earth absorb 240W / m ^ 2, and the difference to what is observed surface emission of 390W / m ^ 2 is explained by saying that the amount of energy increase from the presence of damp, cold air at -18 C mean temperature.

Question 3: Third sentence: «Greenhouse gases re-radiate the absorbed energy in all directions, and thus part of this radiation goes back to the surface leads to warming.»

The point about heating (adding energy) vs warming (temperatures going up) is a very good one — it might help if the scientists involved with the major temperature series people look at (GISS, RSS, etc) also produced a global surface energy change index that accounted for things like melting ice, which absorb heat without raising temperatures.

Referring back to 24 November 2005, raypierre describes the overall assumption of the radiative process analysis that concludes with a surface temperature output, saying that the radiating temperature «has to stay the same, since the planet still has to get rid of the same amount of energy absorbed from incident sunlight.»

Greenhouse gases absorb intense emission from the surface and re-emit less intense energy at colder temperatures, resulting in an efficient heat trapping mechanism.

As surfaces absorb roughly 100 times more solar energy than the CO2 in the atmosphere, future anthropogenic changes in both land and water albedo may figure significantly in climate policy outcomes.

Hypothesis A — Because the atmospheric radiation is completely absorbed in the first few microns it will cause evaporation of the surface layer, which takes away the energy from the back radiation as latent heat into the atmosphere.

About half the solar energy reaching Earth is absorbed by the ocean and land, where it is temporarily stored near the surface.

It hasn't changed because the energy absorbed at the surface has not changed.

For example, if ice extent increases, the increase in reflective surface will mean that more sunlight is reflected back into space without ever having its energy absorbed into the Earth system.

The key points of the paper are that: i) model simulations with 20th century forcings are able to match the surface air temperature record, ii) they also match the measured changes of ocean heat content over the last decade, iii) the implied planetary imbalance (the amount of excess energy the Earth is currently absorbing) which is roughly equal to the ocean heat uptake, is significant and growing, and iv) this implies both that there is significant heating «in the pipeline», and that there is an important lag in the climate's full response to changes in the forcing.

Furthermore, the key global energy balance consideration for the terrestrial greenhouse that is in hydrostatic and thermal equilibrium, is that the solar energy that is absorbed by the ground surface and atmosphere must be balanced by the outgoing LW emission to space.

While it is true that infrared is absorbed in a thin skin at the top of the water, even if the water were completely quiescent this would still lead to the skin layer heating up until emission (plus evaporation and all the other terms we include in the surface budget) equalled the energy input.

For instance, if the solar irradiance were to increase in a spectrally - uniform manner (over all wavelengths) then some fraction would be absorbed in the stratosphere, a region not well coupled by atmospheric motions to the lower atmosphere, and so a certain amount of energy will be radiated back to sapce without affecting the surface temperature.

I looked around for some equations to tell me how much solar energy got absorbed by the atmosphere, and how much of the IR emitted by the surface of the earth got absorbed in the atmosphere.

«Sunlight passes through the atmosphere largely unhindered and warms the Earth's surface; the warmed surface radiates heat and some of this radiation is absorbed in the upper atmosphere and re-emitted, about half of the re-emitted energy returning to the Earth's surface.

In the context of global climate, absorbed solar radiation (about 240 W / m2, with 30 percent of the incident radiation being reflected back to space) is the energy source that keeps the Earth's surface warm.

Examples might include geo - engineering of mechanisms to either absorb carbon dioxide or reflect heat away from Earth's surface, rapid diffusion of nuclear technology, and rapid deployment of clean energy technologies.

The 161 W / m2 is the amount of energy that the surface absorbs from the sun.

So the surface of the Earth absorbs two identical 15 micron photons which carry the same energy, one originates from a colder CO2 molecule and the other from the surface of the Sun.

As the Sun radiates heat to the Earth, different surfaces absorb the heat energy in different ways.

Any energy from this source absorbed by CO2 and subsequently reradiated to the surface can do no more than restore part of the energy lost, and its concomitant drop in temperature.

7 Wind As the Sun radiates heat to the Earth, different surfaces absorb the heat energy in different ways.

Much of the higher energy ocean emissions (ignoring conduction because it is lunch money and ocean surface emission intensity is maybe 110 % of TSI) is absorbed by IR resonating molecules in the atmosphere.

As reflective ice melts, the ocean surface may absorb more solar energy, raising ocean temperatures and starting a feedback loop the melts the remaining ice faster.

«Applying a 3.6 % cloud reflectivity perturbation to the shortwave energy balance partitioning given by Trenberth et al. (2009) corresponds to an increase of 2.7 Wm ⁻² of solar energy reaching the Earth's surface and an increase of 2.4 Wm ⁻² absorbed by the surface.»

If the flux values used by FT08 are used, then the amount transferred from the surface to the atmosphere is 453 W / m2, which is 2.8 times the amount of energy that the surface absorbs from the sun.