Sentences with phrase «surface albedo effects»

When diagnosed within a GCM framework, the semi-direct effect can also include cloud changes due to circulation effects and / or surface albedo effects.

Not to mention surface albedo effects resulting from variable industrial dust blown in from variable winds.

Not exact matches

In addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols, cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossible.

Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from ice > water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge melt revealing more land, and from more old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly warm, rain fall on ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; — melting of sea ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; — sea water getting under parts of the ice sheets where the base is below sea level; — melt water lubricating the ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)

The famous «255 K» value for no greenhouse effect on Earth is an example of this, although in reality if we got that cold you would expect a snowball - like Earth and a much higher albedo from the increased brightness of the surface... and thus the «no - greenhouse temperature» would be even colder than 255 K.

I have a question about the potential albedo feedback effect on a ablating ice sheet surface.

CO2's effect of stimulating plant growth and increasing plant tolerance of aridity contributed to revegetating large areas of land that were desert at the LGM, compounding the effects of an increase in atmospheric humidity, reduced land / ocean surface ocean ration, and increased warmth, all of which combined caused the reduction of airborne dust and atmosperic albedo.

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

They found that, although the aerosol direct effect or an increase in continental cloud albedo could contribute to damp the surface temperature diurnal cycle, only an increase in continental cloud cover would be consistent with observations (Karl et al., 1993).

Additionally, they are discovering these various solar effects on climate here on earth, as well as on other planets in our solar system, and how they effect behavior, «regionally» and planet wide, in similar ways — for example there has been a long - term trend (+30 years) of increasing surface phenomena on Mars, including surface temps and albedo and the humongous sand storms, etc that occur.

Albedo is the effect where light colored surfaces reflect light and dark colored surfaces absorb light.

In this new study, the researchers showed that increasing the albedo of a 1m2 surface by 0.01 would have the same effect on global temperature, over the next 80 years, as decreasing emissions by around 7 kg of CO2.

Is it the long - awaited, predicted and scientifically reasonable CO2 fertilization feedback effect on the oceans» vast biomass of CO2 - consuming cyanobacteria, albeit also driven by the (literally) «shit - loads» of nitrogen compounds the human race is also pumping into the oceans — thereby shifting sea surface albedos, reducing evaporation rates and troposphere relative humidities (ringing any bells here, bros)?

Radiative - covective models put the surface albedo, gas composition and their infrared absorption together with the solar irradiation into account, this gives a first guess of the top of troposphere, surface temperature and greenhouse effect (= surface temperature — radiation temperature).

A substantial reduction in water vapor (shown below, from Lacis et al (2010) as well as increase in the surface albedo are important feedbacks here, showing that removing the non-condensing greenhouse gases (mostly CO2) in the atmosphere can collapse nearly the entire terrestrial greenhouse effect.

This estimate does not include the semi-direct effect or the BC impact on snow and ice surface albedo (see Sections 2.5.4 and 2.8.5.6)

If we had snow on the ground it would be much colder because of the albedo effect, and any warming that is happening right now is due to the fact that the snowless surface is absorbing energy, where a snow covered surface would be reflecting the energy back into space.

Urban heat island - The relative warmth of a city compared with surrounding rural areas, associated with changes in runoff, the concrete jungle effects on heat retention, changes in surface albedo, changes in pollution and aerosols, and so on.

In the Arctic, one familiar feedback effect is sea ice albedo, which measures how well the Earth's surface reflects sunlight.

That greenhouse gases being absent does not effect the one third of solar radiation being absorbed by clouds Or the surface albedo can jump from 12 % to 30 % Or the greenhouse gases being absent but still have clouds to reflect radiation Or the IR (not now absorbed) by the clouds will not obey Kirchoff's Law on reaching the planet surface And so on.

They also warn that feedback patterns are starting to emerge in the shape of the ice albedo effect: ice reflects heat away from the surface, so as it decreases in extent so warming quickens.

Do you agree that if the Earth has an albedo of 0.3 and has no atmosphere (and hence no greenhouse effect) that it's average surface temperature would be 255 K?

Ken: The 33 C figure is derived from looking at the global energy balance, i.e., comparing the actual average surface temperature to the average surface temperature that one would of necessity have to have if the Earth were otherwise the same (in particular, same albedo) but there was no greenhouse effect.

The net effect is a greater (reflecting) albedo, less sunlight reaching the surface, and therefore a negative feedback that reduces the original warming from increasing CO2.

Therefore the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere does determine the surface temperature of the planet (amongst other effects like albedo).

Because the earth has clouds with behaviors, and atmos moisture is not uniform or constant, and surface albedo changes constantly, it is possible to have either or amplification or damping of the theoretical CO2 effect (or both via different processes).

When you compare this with the actual surface temperature of ~ 288 K and the temperature in absence of the greenhouse effect but no change in albedo of ~ 255 K, what we can say is the follows: The greenhouse effect due to all the greenhouse gases (water vapor, clouds, and the long - lived GHGs like CO2 and CH4) raises the temperature of the Earth by an amount of ~ 33 K (which is 288K — 255K); the albedo due to cloud reduces the temperature by ~ 17 K (which is 272 K — 255 K); the net effect of both the GHGs and the cloud albedo is ~ 16 K (which is 288K — 272K).

The only thing that I would contend could be added would be long slow cumulative changes in solar output other than raw TSI namely changes in the mix of particles and wavelengths over longer periods of time such as MWP to LIA to date and which seem to have some effect on surface pressure distribution and global albedo so as to alter solar shortwave into the oceans and thus affecting the energy available to the ENSO process.

If these plumes of warm air operated in the same way during the last glaciation as they do know then they would make short work of ice sheets that were hanging around because of the albedo effect, this is possible because not all the northern hemisphere mid latitude land surface was covered with ice throughout the period of glaciation and might explain why glaciations terminate quickly

Vegetation cover changes caused by land use can alter regional and global climate through both biogeochemical (emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols) and biogeophysical (albedo, evapotranspiration, and surface roughness) feedbacks with the atmosphere, with reverse effects following land abandonment, reforestation, and other vegetation recoveries (107).

All that is needed is to add heat carried upwards past the denser atmosphere (and most CO2) by convection and the latent heat from water changing state (the majority of heat transport to the tropopause), the albedo effects of clouds, the inability of long wave «downwelling» (the blue balls) to warm water that makes up 2 / 3rds of the Earth's surface, and that due to huge differences in enthalpy dry air takes far less energy to warm than humid air so temperature is not a measure of atmospheric heat content.

In other words, if the Greenland / Antarctic surface albedo change were identified as a slow feedback, rather than as a fast - feedback snow effect as it is in figure 7, the fast - feedback sensitivity at 1 — 4 × CO2 would be approximately 4 °C.

Motivated by findings that major components of so - called cloud «feedbacks» are best understood as rapid responses to CO2 forcing (Gregory and Webb in J Clim 21:58 — 71, 2008), the top of atmosphere (TOA) radiative effects from forcing, and the subsequent responses to global surface temperature changes from all «atmospheric feedbacks» (water vapour, lapse rate, surface albedo, «surface temperature» and cloud) are examined in detail in a General Circulation Model.

These are the first order effects, where a second order effect is that cloud cover eclipses or reveals surface albedo, so a net albedo effect is important.

Other types of forcing that vary across the ensemble include solar variability, the indirect effects of aerosols on clouds and the effects of land use change on land surface albedo and other land surface properties (Table 10.1).

Combinations of satellite and surface - based observations allow us to determine trends in aerosol levels as well as cloud albedo effect.

Ludicrous as it may sound to you, a rigorous system model of the effect upon surface temperatures from albedo changes due to snow / ice ablation will not have any feedback loop whatsoever back to the fundamental input of insolation.

Read more: Stanford University Aerosols Also Implicated in Glacier Melting, Changing Weather Patterns Other research examining the effects of soot on melting glaciers and changing weather pattens in South Asia has reached similar conclusions: Beyond increasing atmospheric warming, because the soot coats the surface of the snow and ice it changes the albedo of the surface, allowing it to absorb more sunlight and thereby accelerating melting.

Explain why the surface of venus, which only receives some 2.5 % of the sun's energy due to the albedo effect of the clouds can have a temperature of 500C.

If albedo has a 30 % blocking effect on earth, then it should have a near 100 % blocking effect on venus and the surface should be cold.

However, climate mitigation policies do not generally incorporate the effects of these changes in the land surface on the surface albedo, the fluxes of sensible and latent heat to the atmosphere, and the distribution of energy within the climate system.

The impact of tree planting in previously unforested areas can be paradoxical, as it depends both on seasonal changes in surface albedo, eg, from snowfall and sun angle a and shadow area effects.

If the surface is highly reflective in the infrared, the greenhouse gas could change the albedo owing to its infrared opacity and cause some warming that way, but that is not the greenhouse effect.

I wonder what effect on albedo there might be from the undulating nature of a fluid surface compared to a flatter ice surface.

Perovich has done lots of data collection which shows the effects of surface melt ponds on albedo, as also shown by Pistone et al. in figure 3 of their recent PNAS paper: «Observational determination of albedo decrease caused by vanishing Arctic sea ice».

The real travesty in climate science is that the ubiquitously accepted null hypothesis is that the earth's spectrum without the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere (ie, its surface spectrum) is approximately that of sort of a step function with an (observed) albedo of approximately 0.3 with respect to the sun's spectrum but 0.0 with respect to the approximately 279 kelvin temperature of a gray (flat spectrum) ball in our orbit thus producing equilibrium temperature of about 255 kelvin.