Sentences with phrase «surface by molecules»

Not exact matches

«What we have described as globalization is remarkably close to Teilhard de Chardin's planetization, in which «[mankind, born on this planet and spread over its entire surface, come [s] gradually to form round its earthly matrix, a single, major, organic unity, enclosed upon itself.4 Thus the globalization of humankind could lead to the formation of a new kind of living entity — a social organism — on the same cosmic principle as that by which atoms join to form molecules, molecules join to form mega-molecules, mega-molecules unite to form living cells, and innumerable cells constitute an organism.

After these molecules arrive at the moon, it is thought they get energized by sunlight and then bounce across the lunar surface; and they get stuck, at least temporarily, in colder and more shadowy areas.

The protein expressed by the gene is thought to bind to serotonin receptor molecules and ferry them to the cell surface, positioning them to receive serotonin's signals from neighboring cells.

Now, the «smart» bandage developed by the team provides direct, noninvasive measurement of tissue oxygenation by combining three simple, compact and inexpensive components: a bright sensor molecule with a long phosphorescence lifetime and appropriate dynamic range; a bandage material compatible with the sensor molecule that conforms to the skin's surface to form an airtight seal; and an imaging device capable of capturing the oxygen - dependent signals from the bandage with high signal - to - noise ratio.

The experiments included sorting immune cells found at injury sites by molecules on their cellular surfaces, and many hours looking at mouse cells through the microscope.

Studies of hydrogen molecules in the Venusian atmosphere by NASA's Pioneer - Venus probe indicate that the planet once had liquid water on its surface, perhaps even expansive oceans.

In order to achieve this, they continually change shape by expanding or contracting parts; they hide surfaces or reveal them to interaction with other molecules.

The mushroom - shaped protein specializes in infecting cells, first by binding a trio of sites on its head to three separate sugar molecules on the surface of targeted cells.

These simulations reveal that the molecules can «surf» across the surface whilst being carried by the moving ripples of graphene.

Furthermore, the researchers found that by altering the size of the ripples, and the type of molecules on the surface, they could achieve fast and controlled motion of molecules other than water..

Professor Angelos Michaelides, from the Thomas Young Centre and London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN) at UCL, lead researcher of the study, explained: «Atoms and molecules usually move across materials by hopping from one point on their surface to the next.

Robust attachment of biological molecules to the bio-device surface is required to achieve this, as enabled by unique surface modification processes developed by Professor Bilek.

According to Zhang, the branching structure of the ligands protects the surface of the nanocrystals by occupying more space than straight - chain molecules, creating a mechanical barrier through an effect known as steric hindrance.

The pattern, observed in a surface architecture just one molecule thick, was formed by self - assembly of linear organic linkers, imaged as rods, and lanthanide cerium centers, visualized as bright protrusions.

«The synthetic molecules made by our lab don't exactly look like rhamnolipids, but they can control bioactivities, such as swarming movements, surface adhesion and biofilm formation.»

The engineered protein has two ends: one activates T cells by binding to a surface molecule called the CD3 receptor, and the other — based on an antibody called VRC07 — powerfully binds to more than 90 percent of HIV strains.

SERS is a surface - sensitive technique that enhances the inelastic scattering of photons by molecules adsorbed on rough metal surfaces or by nanostructures.

A technique to combine the ultrasensitivity of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with a slippery surface invented by Penn State researchers will make it feasible to detect single molecules of a number of chemical and biological species from gaseous, liquid or solid samples.

For example, their surface is covered by glycoconjugates that are essential for their survival and infectivity, but little is known of the processes that lead to the synthesis of such molecules.

«By doing this on a surface, you limit the reactivity but you have the advantage that you can actually look at a single molecule, give that molecule a name or number, and later look at what it turns into in the products,» he said.

He could see the molecules with a scanning - tunneling microscope, which makes images by dragging a fine needle along a surface.

Researchers from BUSM and the University of Cyprus compared the markers on the surface of the cancer cells to gene expression profile of breast tumors deposited by researchers in international public databases and found that a molecule named IL13RA2 (IL13R alpha2) was abundant in metastatic or late - stage BLBC.

In the new study, he introduces a synthetic molecule which folds into a helical structure that mimics surface features of the DNA double helix, and whose precise shape can be altered in a modular fashion by the attachment of various substituents.

Webb will peer at the starlight filtering through planetary atmospheres to try to detect molecules that could be produced by something living on the surface.

A normal cell has chemical receptors on its surface that link up with specific molecules generated by the body and control the timing of such functions as eating and sleeping.

The Leiden physicists were able to explain these findings with a simple theory, in which the catalyst constructs the molecules step - by - step at the atomic steps on the cobalt surface.

Gleevec incapacitates the enzyme by docking into a pocket on the enzyme's surface that is usually reserved for a signaling molecule known as ATP.

By combining data from the three modalities, the researchers were able to map the signatures of molecules and elements across the surface of the painting for each pixel of the image.

The researchers began by creating large membrane models with embedded and dyed channel proteins; they then put them on a glass surface and measured them using a single - molecule measuring method known as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.

If they could synthesize alkanethiols with different chemical properties on their tops and sides and then attach them to a plate, the researchers thought, they could alter the surface properties of the plate simply by making the molecules stand straight or bend over.

The team of researchers, led by Nobel Prize - winning chemist John Polanyi, employed a combination of experiment and theory to discover that the position of the molecule on the catalytic surface is a key factor in determining the rate at which particular bonds break.

Another reason is because its surface can be easily poisoned by CO molecules if any are produced.»

In the new study, researchers placed tiny particles of silicon carbide (one represented by the group of tan molecules in this artist's concept) covered with graphite (hexagonal networks of gray atoms) in a vacuum chamber that duplicated the deep - space conditions surrounding many stars (temperatures between 900 and 1500 kelvins and pressures less than one - billionth that found at Earth's surface).

The research group lead by Prof. Daniela Finke found that ILC3s take up antigens and present these via so - called MHC molecules on their surface.

The surprising discovery made by the Dresden - based researchers: two components in the stem cell environment — the extracellular matrix and thyroid hormones — work together with a protein molecule found on the stem cell surface, a so - called integrin.

Her real breakthrough is finding the mechanism by which molecules on Europa's surface could unite with water and energy in the lakes, and maybe even in the vast, deeper ocean.

These molecules function by shuttling broken - down proteins called peptides from inside the cell to the surface, where other immune cells inspect them to see whether they are invaders.

«Since nanoparticles started to be implemented in the first prototype devices, people have asked what's going on at the surface and how we can adjust properties by changing the organic molecules on the surface,» says Zherebetskyy.

By varying properties such as charge, composition, and attached surface molecules, researchers can design nanoparticles to deliver medicine to specific body regions and cell types — and even to carry medicine into cells.

We put our starting molecule» — a structure called oligo - enediyne, composed of three benzene rings linked by carbon atoms — «on a silver surface, and then induced reactions by heating it.»

This remarkable behavior of nearly frictionless motion was predicted by a theoretical model and has now been verified for molecules on a gold surface.

Gold / titanium dioxide catalyst in action: At the interface between a gold particle (Au, gold) and the titanium dioxide surface (TiO2, red and light blue), an oxygen molecule (O2, dark blue spheres) is activated by a charge transfer and becomes catalytically active.

The team headed by Annette Pietzsch and Alexander Föhlisch has now for the first time succeeded in precisely measuring these extremely subtle surfaces surrounding a small molecule named acetone (C3H6O).

This could be done by attaching molecules to the surface of the bots that bind to specific receptors on the outside of certain types of cell.

Humans can differentiate between surfaces that differ by just a single layer of molecules.

Most cells in our body bind other cells by means of integrins, molecules that act as bridges located at the cell surface.

IL - 6 is a cytokine, a signal molecule that is produced and secreted both by immune cells and by tumor cells and binds specifically to a receptor (IL - 6R) that is found on the surfaces of many cell types.

A research team led by Shunsuke Yoshizawa, ICYS researcher, NIMS, Takashi Uchihashi, leader of the Surface Quantum Phase Materials Group, MANA, NIMS, Emi Minamitani, assistant professor, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Toshihiko Yokoyama, professor, IMS, NINS, and Kazuyuki Sakamoto, professor, Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, succeeded in precisely controlling the transition temperature of atomic - scale - thick superconductors using magnetic organic molecules.

Molecules on a crystalline surface often jiggle about, driven by thermal energy.

Researchers have succeeded in directing wandering molecules by creating surfaces with stripes of atoms or with «step edges» — seams along which the surface of the crystal steps up by one layer of atoms.