Sentences with phrase «surface climatology»

During the past century land use change has given rise to regional changes in the local surface climatology, particularly the mean and variability of near surface temperature (Pitman et al, 2012).

Krinner et al. (1997) showed that, to obtain a reasonable simulation of the surface climatology of the Antarctic with the LMD variable resolution AGCM, many modifications to the model physics were required.

The aim of increasing resolution in AGCMs is generally to improve the simulation of surface climatology compared to coarser resolution models (Cubash et al., 1995).

Bonan, G.B., K.W. Oleson, M. Vertenstein, and S. Levis, 2002: The land surface climatology of the Community Land Model coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model.

Bonan, G.B., 1998: The land surface climatology of the NCAR land surface model (LSM 1.0) coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3).

Not exact matches

Climatology data from the historical record give a picture of the fluctuations in sea - surface temperature over the last 160 years.

«The global mean latent heat flux is required to exceed 80 W m — 2 to close the surface energy balance in Figure 2.11, and comes close to the 85 W m — 2 considered as upper limit by Trenberth and Fasullo (2012b) in view of current uncertainties in precipitation retrieval in the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP, Adler et al., 2012)(the latent heat flux corresponds to the energy equivalent of evaporation, which globally equals precipitation; thus its magnitude may be constrained by global precipitation estimates).

Using monthly - averaged global satellite records from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP [5]-RRB- and the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in conjunction with Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric (NOAA) extended and reconstructed SST (ERSST) dataset [7] we have examined the reliability of long - term cloud measurements.

The distinction between the top of atmosphere energy budget and the surface or troposphere energy budget is crucial, and are explicitly considered separate in many texts on global climate, such as in Dennis Hartmann's «Global Physical Climatology» or in Ray Pierrehumbert's upcoming text.

Sea surface temperatures in the Western Pacific are well above climatology, and it has been argued that the warmth in the Western Pacific along with the lack of an equivalent long - term warming trend in the Eastern Pacific, increase the chances of a «super El Niño,» comparable to the two strongest El Niños of the past century, which occurred in 1998 and 1983.

WMO - «Because the data with respect to in - situ surface air temperature across Africa is sparse, a oneyear regional assessment for Africa could not be based on any of the three standard global surface air temperature data sets from NOAANCDC, NASA - GISS or HadCRUT4 Instead, the combination of the Global Historical Climatology Network and the Climate Anomaly Monitoring System (CAMS GHCN) by NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory was used to estimate s

Climatology and trends of tropical cyclone high wind in mainland China: 1959 — 2011 The climatology and trends of tropical cyclone (TC) high wind (TCHW; wind speeds ≥ 10.8 m s − 1) in mainland China during 1959 — 2011 were studied based on a comprehensive series of surface wind observations from 57Climatology and trends of tropical cyclone high wind in mainland China: 1959 — 2011 The climatology and trends of tropical cyclone (TC) high wind (TCHW; wind speeds ≥ 10.8 m s − 1) in mainland China during 1959 — 2011 were studied based on a comprehensive series of surface wind observations from 57climatology and trends of tropical cyclone (TC) high wind (TCHW; wind speeds ≥ 10.8 m s − 1) in mainland China during 1959 — 2011 were studied based on a comprehensive series of surface wind observations from 574 stations.

In POGA experiments, the deep tropical eastern Pacific SST was restored to the model climatology plus historical anomaly by overriding the surface sensible heat flux to ocean (F) with:

Consistency between EECRA upper - level cloud cover anomalies and those from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) during 1984 — 1997 suggests the surface - observed trends are real.

To believe that Mann is right, you have to believe that the developer of the first satellite global temperature record, and the winner of the International Meetings on Statistical Climatology achievement award, and the co-editor of The Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, and the co-editor of Forecast Verification: A Practitioner's Guide in Atmospheric Science, and the co-founder of the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature project, and a member of the UN Secretary - General's High Level Group on Sustainable Energy, and the Professor of Meteorology at the Meteorological Institute of Berlin Free University, and the Professor of Climate and Culture at King's College, London, and the Professor of the Economics of Climate Change at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and the former president of the Royal Statistical Society, and the former director of research at the Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute, and the director of the Center for Climatic Research at the University of Delaware, and three professors at the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Utah, and the scientist at Columbia's Lamont - Doherty Earth Observatory who coined the term «global warming», and dozens more are all wrong, every single one of them.

The relative percentage of different station siting ratings in the U.S. Historical Climatology Network stations that have been rated by the Surface Stations project.

The results of the volunteer - run Surface Stations project have revealed that about 70 % of the stations in the U.S. Historical Climatology Network are poorly or badly sited.

Until a systematic assessment like the Surface Stations project is carried out for the Global Historical Climatology Network, we can't know for sure.

A recent voluntary project, called the Surface Stations project, led by the meteorologist and blogger, Anthony Watts, has found that about 70 % of the weather stations in the U.S. Historical Climatology Network are currently sited in locations with artificial heating sources less than 10 metres from the thermometer, e.g., buildings, concrete surfaces, air conditioning units.

We also make use of two lengthy control simulations conducted with CESM1 under constant 1850 radiative conditions: a 2200 - year control run using the fully - coupled configuration (hereafter termed the «coupled control run»), and a 2600 - year control run using only the atmospheric model component coupled to the land model component from CESM1 with a specified repeating seasonal cycle of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice conditions taken from the long - term climatology of the fully - coupled control run (hereafter termed the «atmospheric control run»).

Hulme et al. (2001) is cited in a statement about the complexity of African climatology: «Other factors that complicate African climatology include dust aerosol concentrations and sea - surface temperature anomalies, which are particularly important in the Sahel region (Hulme et al., 2001; Prospero and Lamb, 2003) and southern Africa (Reason, 2002), deforestation in the equatorial region (Semazzi and Song, 2001; Bounoua et al., 2002)...»

When one looks at the modern «Science of Climatology» one seems to find much on that which surrounds the subject but little beneath the surface.

One result of the Berkeley Earth kriging approach is the construction of a temperature field for the entire land surface, such that every location on the land has an estimated temperature that is a function of latitude, longitude, altitude, climatology, and a residual — or weather.

The number of land surface weather stations in the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) drops off in recent years.

«Because the data with respect to in - situ surface air temperature across Africa is sparse, a oneyear regional assessment for Africa could not be based on any of the three standard global surface air temperature data sets from NOAANCDC, NASA - GISS or HadCRUT4 Instead, the combination of the Global Historical Climatology Network and the Climate Anomaly Monitoring System (CAMS GHCN) by NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory was used to estimate surface air temperature patterns»

The recent atmospheric circulation has driven near normal surface air temperatures (see Figure 7) over much of the central Arctic Ocean (normal compared to a 1981 - 2010 climatology) in the last two months.

The High - Resolution PRISM Climatology page provides access to gridded, 30 arc - second (roughly 800 metre) temperature and precipitation climatologies for the 1971 - 2000 and 1981 — 2010 climate normal periods for land - surface areas of British Columbia.

NCDC merges their Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 3b (ERSST.v3b) with the Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN - M) version 3.2.0 for land surface air temperSurface Temperature version 3b (ERSST.v3b) with the Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN - M) version 3.2.0 for land surface air tempersurface air temperatures.

-- The record melt of the Greenland ice sheet was facilitated by changes in the jet stream... — http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1112875668/jet-stream-caused-greenland-ice-sheet-melt-2012-061713/ «According to University of Sheffield research, published in the International Journal of Climatology, unusual Jet Stream changes were behind record surface melt of the Greenland Ice Sheet last summer.»

Even though most (99 %) of the Earth's surface is not urbanized, some 27 % of the Monthly Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN - M) temperature stations are located in cities having populations of more than 50,000.

If there is deep - water formation in the final steady state as in the present day, the ocean will eventually warm up fairly uniformly by the amount of the global average surface temperature change (Stouffer and Manabe, 2003), which would result in about 0.5 m of thermal expansion per degree celsius of warming, calculated from observed climatology; the EMICs in Figure 10.34 indicate 0.2 to 0.6 m °C — 1 for their final steady state (year 3000) relative to 2000.

The changes in both satellite derived and measured surface insolation data are also in line with changes in global cloudiness provided by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), which show an increase until the late 1980s and a decrease thereafter, on the order of 5 % from the late 1980s to 2002.

I have been engaged in a discussion with a young climatology professional who thought that evaporation from the ocean surface left behind a residue of surplus energy to warm the oceans by reducing the rate of energy release from the oceans and thus justifying the AGW scenario.

In the paper «Fall et al, 2011», results from the «Surface Stations Project», surveying the U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) were presented, using a siting classification system developed by Michel Leroy for Meteofrance in 1999 — the same system employed by NOAA to develop the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) in 2002.

«A Climatology of Surface Cloud Radiative Effects at the ARM Tropical Western Pacific Sites.»

1) Global Historical Climatology Network — Monthly 2) Global Historical Climatology Network — Daily 3) US Historical Climatology Network — Monthly 4) World Monthly Surface Station Climatology 5) Hadley Centre / Climate Research Unit Data Collection 6) US Cooperative Summary of the Month 7) US Cooperative Summary of the Day 8) US First Order Summary of the Day 9) Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 10) GSN Monthly Summaries from NOAA 11) Monthly Climatic Data of the World 12) GCOS Monthly Summaries from DWD 13) World Weather Records (only those published since 1961) 14) Colonial Era Weather Archives

Bishop, J.K.B., W.B. Rossow, and E.G. Dutton, 1997: Surface solar irradiance from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project 1983 - 1991.

These extremes were practically absent in the period of climatology, covering much less than 1 % of Earth's surface.

However, for changes over time, only anomalies, as departures from a climatology, are used, most commonly based on the area - weighted global average of the sea surface temperature anomaly and land surface air temperature anomaly.

In this study, we primarily investigate the reliability of the climatology (long - term mean of model simulation) of large - scale features of climate model ensembles, but we also consider the trend for surface air temperature where transient simulations are available (that is, for the coupled ocean — atmosphere models).

Figure i. Surface temperature anomalies (using a 1981 - 2010 climatology) for the Northern Hemisphere composited for June, July and August 2008 - 2017.

These datasets include: NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Sea Surface Temperature - WHOI, Version 1.0 U.S. Monthly Extremes Global Historical Climatology Network — Monthly (GHCN - M) Version 3 African Easterly Wave Climatology Version 1 NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Daily Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), Version 1.2 NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Monthly Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), Version 2.2 - 1 Global Surface Summary of the Day — GSOD Monthly Summaries of the Global Historical Climatology Network — Daily (GHCN - D) I nternational Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 1 Monthly International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 2 Monthly International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 3 Monthly International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 1 Daily... Continued

--- Atmospheric mass and composition: approx. 510 trillion m ^ 2 (surface area) * 0.1013 MPa (surface pressure) / 9.81 m / s ^ 2 = 5.266 E18 kg = 5.266 million Gt Hartmann, «Global Physical Climatology», p. 8 gives 5.136 million Gt (the difference could be due to actual average surface pressure being lower than average sea level pressure; counteracting that, gravity decreases with height (not much over most of the mass of the atmosphere) and I think global average g may be less than 9.81 (maybe 9.80?)

In a recent article entitled «Can the Earth's Albedo and Surface Temperatures Increase Together,» that appeared in EOS, Enric Palle and co-authors use recently released cloud data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) to explain how it is possible for the Earth to be warming even as it's albedo is increasing.

One of the observational records employed in the GISS analysis is the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) data set for surface air temperature at meteorological stations, which is maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center (NCDC).

These stations are classified on proximity to artificial surfaces, buildings, and other such objects with unnatural thermal mass,» according to the study, entitled Comparing of Temperature Trends Using an Unperturbed Subset of the U.S. Historical Climatology Network.

All the climatology literature (such as in the IPCC website and Pierrehumbert's book) is based on the false assumption about how the back radiation flux can supposedly be added to the solar flux and the total then used in Stefan Boltzmann calculations to «explain» the 14 °C to 15 °C mean surface temperature.

The anomaly map on the left is a product of a merged land surface temperature (Global Historical Climatology Network, GHCN) and sea surface temperature (ERSST.v4) anomaly analysis as described in Huang et al. (2016).

GISS relies on data collected by other organizations, specifically, NOAA / NCEI's Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) v3 adjusted monthly mean data as augmented by Antarctic data collated by UK Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and also NOAA / NCEI's Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) v5 data.

Jiménez, P & Dudhia, J 2013, «On the Ability of the WRF Model to Reproduce the Surface Wind Direction over Complex Terrain», Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, vol.