Sentences with phrase «surface currents estimated»

Not exact matches

Current methods can estimate the size and temperature of an exoplanet planet in order to determine whether liquid water could exist on the planet's surface, believed to be one of the criteria for a planet hosting the right conditions for life.

New climate models — made by using estimated radiation levels from that time, along with data from the Magellan spacecraft about Venus's current surface — suggest that Venus would have been only 11 °C (52 °F).

This is an important finding because current estimates of biological activity in surface waters of the ocean rely on instruments aboard satellites that measure the color of the sea surface, which changes along with levels of chlorophyll - a, an assessment that will miss blooms of other organisms, such as bacteria.

«As revealed by monthly snapshots of sea surface height from satellite imagery and other estimates, the Loop Current from late winter through summer 2012 was positioned to the west of the shelf slope in deeper water,» Weisberg explained.

When the CLIMAP data proved to be wrong, and was replaced by more reliable estimates showing a substantial tropical surface temperature drop, Lindzen had to abandon his then - current model and move on to other forms of mischief (first the «cumulus drying» negative water vapor feedback mechanism, since abandoned, and now the «Iris» effect cloud feedback mechanism).

Quoting the IPCC 1.4 to 5.8 Â °C estimate (for doubling CO2) outside current agreements among models that the uncertainty is most likely in the 2.5 to 4Â °C range or failing to point out that discrepancies (used by skeptics) between surface and troposphere warming have been resolved, is misleading in my view.

When differences in scaling between previous studies are accounted for, the various current and previous estimates of NH mean surface temperature are largely consistent within uncertainties, despite the differences in methodology and mix of proxy data back to approximately A.D. 1000... Conclusions are less definitive for the SH and globe, which we attribute to larger uncertainties arising from the sparser available proxy data in the SH.

«The global mean latent heat flux is required to exceed 80 W m — 2 to close the surface energy balance in Figure 2.11, and comes close to the 85 W m — 2 considered as upper limit by Trenberth and Fasullo (2012b) in view of current uncertainties in precipitation retrieval in the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP, Adler et al., 2012)(the latent heat flux corresponds to the energy equivalent of evaporation, which globally equals precipitation; thus its magnitude may be constrained by global precipitation estimates).

Many different models have now demonstrated that our understanding of current forcings, long - term observations of the land surface and ocean temperature changes and the canonical estimates of climate forcing are all consistent within the uncertainties.

When the CLIMAP data proved to be wrong, and was replaced by more reliable estimates showing a substantial tropical surface temperature drop, Lindzen had to abandon his then - current model and move on to other forms of mischief (first the «cumulus drying» negative water vapor feedback mechanism, since abandoned, and now the «Iris» effect cloud feedback mechanism).

If you take the new 2004 annual data on surface temperature and include it in an average for 30 years, you have the most recent estimate of current climate, which is centered on 1989.

With «current» surface temperature records there could be a + / -1.0 C range or about 10 times the assumed» natural variability estimate.

I do not beleive that there is any sound physcis that enables anyone to estimate how much surface temperatures change as a result of adding CO2 to the atmosphere from current levels.

So after considering all of that, the estimated current «surface» temperature produces an estimated effective radiant return energy from the atmosphere of about 345Wm - 3 + / - 9 called DWLR which, had the average effective radiant energy of the oceans been used, ~ 334Wm - 2 would have created less confusion and still have been within a more realistic uncertainty range of + / - 17 Wm - 2.

Further, just as seasonal - to - interannual predictions start from an estimate of the state of the climate system, there is a growing realization that decadal and longer - term climate predictions could be initialized with estimates of the current observed state of the atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere, and land surface.

On this basis we can estimate the 2xCO2 climate sensitivity, based on IPCC's ice core estimated of pre-industrial CO2 levels and current Mauna Loa CO2 measurements plus the 161 - year HadCRUT surface temperature record.

Assuming each of the 847 large hydropower projects that are planned or under construction has an equivalent surface area, this would constitute 225,691 km2 of additional reservoir surface area, nearly doubling current reservoir surface - area estimates.

Another presenter at the session, Paul Chang, a project scientist who studies satellite ocean surface wind data at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center for Weather and Climate Prediction in College Park, Md., said that the current method that is largely used by U.S. scientists in this area of research, known as the Dvorak technique, employs satellite imagery to estimate tropical cyclone intensity but is imprecise and subjective.

(3) Current estimates of surface and lower to mid-tropospheric temperature trends are subject to a level of uncertainty that is almost as large as the apparent disparity between them.

Sensitivity equals dT / dF is only valid for an absolute temperature and absolute forcing over a small range of change and since the current «state of the artistry» «surface temperature average» requires using anomaly from very cold locations with very little energy per degree of anomaly, what «surface» is averaged impacts the estimate of «sensitivity».

Current estimates of the emissions reductions needed to meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement assume a role for climate geoengineering, including management of the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface or removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the hope of restoring historical conditions over time.

Using feedback parameters from Fig. 8.14, it can be estimated that in the presence of water vapor, lapse rate and surface albedo feedbacks, but in the absence of cloud feedbacks, current GCMs would predict a climate sensitivity (± 1 standard deviation) of roughly 1.9 °C ± 0.15 °C (ignoring spread from radiative forcing differences).

Quoting the IPCC 1.4 to 5.8 Â °C estimate (for doubling CO2) outside current agreements among models that the uncertainty is most likely in the 2.5 to 4Â °C range or failing to point out that discrepancies (used by skeptics) between surface and troposphere warming have been resolved, is misleading in my view.

Using the current version, HadCRUT4, of the surface temperature dataset used in a predecessor study, it obtains central estimates for total aerosol forcing and climate sensitivity of respectively -0.5 W / m ^ 2 and 1.6 ºC.

Variations in SST due to variations in heat transport by ocean currents or diffusion into the thermocline are neglected while contributions by changes in evaporation, turbulent transfer, and surface radiation are estimated as being proportional to the anomalous air - sea temperature difference.