Sentences with phrase «surface freshening»

``... among the present generation of global climate models, deep convection is common in the Southern Ocean under pre-industrial conditions, but weakens and ceases under a climate change scenario owing to surface freshening.

Precipitation: increased freshwater / iceberg flux cools ocean mixed layer, increases sea ice area, causing increase of precipitation that falls before it reaches Antarctica, adding to ocean surface freshening and reducing ice sheet growth.

He postulated that upward thermal buoyancy flux induced by surface cooling could become insufficient to overcome the stratifying effect of surface freshening, creating a thermal inversion in the oceans.

«Warm summers could weaken ocean circulation: Long - term observations reveal the influence of increased surface freshening on convection in the subpolar North Atlantic.»

Not exact matches

Regular reports have surfaced over the last two days that co owners David Gold and David Sullivan may look to change and freshen things up in the summer.

«Such a slowdown is consistent with the projected effects of anthropogenic climate change, where warming and freshening of the surface ocean from melting ice caps leads to weaker overturning circulation,» DeVries explained.

Increases in snow and rain falling onto the ocean contribute to the freshening of the ocean surface in the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean.

The current car's visual freshening should satisfy critics of flame - surface body panels and rakishly sculpted lens covers.

The varied textured surfaces remove tartar and prevent buildup for improved oral / dental health and three breath - freshening ingredients refresh a dog's breath, targeting the mouth and gut.

The varied textured surfaces on the Ora - Bone remove tartar and prevent buildup for improved oral / dental health and three breath - freshening ingredients freshen a dog's breath in the mouth and gut.»

I usually put white / cream on and blend it into the grain before putting a second layer of the same to freshen it up and strengthen the effect I continued to draw the broken shapes around the light source and just pressed them into the surface a little rather than trying to blend them as this would have distorted or lost the shapes that I had drawn.

Recent qualitative reconstructions of salinity based on various proxies suggest that values of surface water salinity in the Black Sea rose until ca. 3 kyr B.P., followed by a gradual freshening to present - day values (van der Meer et al., 2008; Coolen, 2011).

However, freshened polar surface waters act as a barrier to atmospheric transfer, diverting products into the deep return flow.»

The surface water would thus have freshened until a new equilibrium was reached.

Ultimately if the freshwater melt was a dominant (which seems hard to believe given the scale of the wind - driven gyre transport) factor, it would be entrained into the gyres at the surface and you'd see an overall freshening of North Atlantic surface waters to make the whole system more like the Pacific, which has a much weaker meridional overturning circulation.

The waters that underlie the near - surface subtropical waters have freshened due to equatorward circulation of the freshened subpolar surface waters; in particular, the fresh intermediate water layer (at ~ 1,000 m) in the SH has freshened in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

The subtropical waters have increased in salinity and the subpolar surface and intermediate waters have freshened in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during the period from the 1960s to the 1990s and in both hemispheres in each ocean.

Of course as the freshened water flows up and out on the surface of the ocean, it pulls sea water in under the ice.

There, this leads to freshening of the surface layer.

245 Henry M. Stommel, «Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow,» Tellus 13:224 - 230 (1961) had the concept of freshening of surface waters interfering with the thermohaline sinking.

Secondly, the freshening of Antarctic surface water induces a slowdown of the lower overturning circulation, leading to an increase of the biological carbon storage in the Southern Ocean.

Broecker et al. (2010) doesn't challenge the hypothesis that cumulative meltwater freshening of high latitude N. Atlantic surface water eventually halts the AMOC.

It has been fairly well understood for quite some time that reduced deep water formation in the North Atlantic (due to freshening surface waters) will not plunge Europe into a new Ice Age.

Raper et al. (2001b) show that an additional ocean - feedback is possibly associated with the warming and freshening of the high latitude surface waters that enhances this relationship.

The surface water around Antarctica, which has been freshening since the 1950's, formed a lid of low - density water stopping the overturning process in the Weddell sea near the coast of Antarctica.

The observed effects of cryosphere reduction include modification of river regimes due to enhanced glacial melt, snowmelt advance and enhanced winter base flow; formation of thermokarst terrain and disappearance of surface lakes in thawing permafrost; decrease in potential travel days of vehicles over frozen roads in the Arctic; enhanced potential for glacier hazards and slope instability due to mechanical weakening driven by ice and permafrost melting; regional ocean freshening; sea - level rise due to glacier and ice sheet shrinkage; biotic colonisation and faunal changes in deglaciated terrain; changes in freshwater and marine ecosystems affected by lake - ice and sea - ice reduction; changes in livelihoods; reduced tourism activities related to skiing, ice climbing and scenic activities in cryospheric areas affected by degradation; and increased ease of ship transportation in the Arctic.

It's been known for many years that the surface waters of Arctic Ocean are freshened by melting sea - ice and runoff from rivers.