Sentences with phrase «surface from vegetation»

A big reason for the difference in climate between urban and rural areas is the change of the surface from vegetation to impervious surfaces like asphalt or concrete.

Not exact matches

The research team used satellite data to analyse changes in global vegetation cover from 2000 to 2015 and link these to changes in the surface energy balance.

«We created the largest database of surface ozone from hourly observations at more than 4,800 monitoring sites worldwide, and we're making these data freely available to anyone who wants to investigate the impact of ozone on human health, vegetation, and climate.»

LIDAR differs from radar because it can see through vegetation as it charts surface elevations in great detail.

These so - called urban heat islands result from various factors, such as population density, surface sealing, thermal radiation of buildings, industry, and transport as well as lacking vegetation.

In Troy Springs State Park, algae spread from the edge of Troy Springs to about 30 feet below the surface, clouding the water and smothering native vegetation.

The vegetation at the surface of the bogs is important for maintaining the health of the ecosystem and protecting the peat that lies beneath from decomposing, he said.

For the study, Gentine and Lemordant took Earth system models with decoupled surface (vegetation physiology) and atmospheric (radiative) CO2 responses and used a multi-model statistical analysis from CMIP5, the most current set of coordinated climate model experiments set up as an international cooperation project for the International Panel on Climate Change.

Gentine's team is the first to isolate the response of vegetation from the global warming total complex response, which includes such variables for the water cycle as evapotranspiration (the water evaporated from the surface, both from plants and bare soil) soil moisture, and runoff.

A rain garden is a landscaped area planted preferably with wildflowers and other native vegetation that soak up rainwater, from the roofs, driveways or other impervious surfaces.

Uncertainties in the hydrological cycle due to land surface parameterizations can be divided into uncertainties from the spatial distribution of vegetation and from the model parameter values.

Coastal Trail at Bolinas Ridge - Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy Register >> Explore this hidden gem of a trail while removing overgrown vegetation and tripping hazards from the trail surface.

The well in the poem becomes a metaphor for memory, and the vegetation that chokes its mouth represents the show's central question: in the act of remembering, how do we distinguish the shining surface from the shadowy depths?

The taller and denser vegetation uses up more carbon from the atmosphere, changes the amount and composition of forage for grazing animals, and also alters the partitioning and distribution of energy and heat at the land surface.

An international team of university and NASA scientists examined the relationship between changes in surface temperature and vegetation growth from 45 degrees north latitude to the Arctic Ocean.

The fast response from oceans and vegetation (opposite to each other) leads to a change of about 3 ppmv / °C, while the long term response (including ice sheet / vegetation surface area and - deep - ocean current changes) is about 8 ppmv / °C.

Based on evidence from Earth's history, we suggest here that the relevant form of climate sensitivity in the Anthropocene (e.g. from which to base future greenhouse gas (GHG) stabilization targets) is the Earth system sensitivity including fast feedbacks from changes in water vapour, natural aerosols, clouds and sea ice, slower surface albedo feedbacks from changes in continental ice sheets and vegetation, and climate — GHG feedbacks from changes in natural (land and ocean) carbon sinks.

E.g., human - caused albedo variations from desertification, and to some extent tropical deforestation, were connected with past global climate changes by Sagan et al. (1979); a pioneering model confirming «the long - held idea that the surface vegetation... is an important factor in the Earth's climate» was Shukla and Mintz (1982); Amazon Basin: Salati and Vose (1984); more recently, see Kutzbach et al. (1996).

Evapotranspiration - The combined process of evaporation from the Earth's surface and transpiration from vegetation.

14C is exchanged with the other reservoirs at a rate of 20 % per year, but part of it returns from rotting vegetation and from the oceans surface in other seasons.

One can calculate that from the exchange rate and year by year emissions, but that is not that easy, because what is absorbed by the oceans surface and vegetation in one season comes in part back in another season.

As there is no differentiation in type for the inflows and outflows, also 22 % of the red CO2 is exchanged by natural, colourless CO2, from the deep oceans (we forget for a moment that some of it returns in another season from the ocean surface layer and vegetation decay).

Engineers and scientists from US universities analysed vegetation cover in the region prior to the storm to see if the Syrian civil war had changed the land surface drastically enough to mask the view from space.

Thermometer stations are supposed to be located on a flat and horizontal grass or low vegetation surface, ideally more than 100m from any artificial heat sources.

Urban Heat Island profile Image from Lawrence Berkeley Labs From the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON Spring comes sooner to urban heat islands, with potential consequences for wildlife Urban - dwelling plants around the globe typically get a head start on the growing season compared to their rural counterparts because of the urban heat island effect, the phenomenon in which cities tend to be warmer than nonurban areas due to their plethora of built surfaces — made of concrete, asphalt and more — and scarcity of vegetatfrom Lawrence Berkeley Labs From the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON Spring comes sooner to urban heat islands, with potential consequences for wildlife Urban - dwelling plants around the globe typically get a head start on the growing season compared to their rural counterparts because of the urban heat island effect, the phenomenon in which cities tend to be warmer than nonurban areas due to their plethora of built surfaces — made of concrete, asphalt and more — and scarcity of vegetatFrom the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON Spring comes sooner to urban heat islands, with potential consequences for wildlife Urban - dwelling plants around the globe typically get a head start on the growing season compared to their rural counterparts because of the urban heat island effect, the phenomenon in which cities tend to be warmer than nonurban areas due to their plethora of built surfaces — made of concrete, asphalt and more — and scarcity of vegetation.

Land use influences the climate system in many different ways including direct emissions from land - use change, hydrological impacts, biogeophysical impacts (such as changes in albedo and surface roughness), and the size of the remaining vegetation stock (influencing CO2 removal from the atmosphere).

These stem from a diversity of site - specific conditions, including, but not limited to: local vegetation; presence of building structures and contributions made by such structures involving energy use, heating and air conditioning, etc; exposure to winds, the wind velocities determined by climatic factors and also whether certain wind directions are more favored than others by terrain or the presence or absence thereof to bodies of water; proximity to grass, asphalt, concrete or other material surfaces; the physical conditions of the CRS itself which include: the exact location of the temperature sensors within it, the degree of unimpeded flow of external air through the CRS, the character of the paint used; the exact height of the instrument above the external surface (noting that when the ground is covered by 3 feet of snow, the temperature instrument is about 60 % closer to, or less than 2 feet, above an excellent radiating surface, much closer than it would be under snow - free conditions).

For example, studies of temperatures in Arizona and Mexico have shown that lost vegetation from severe overgrazing and other careless practices caused the soil surface to dry.

Many climatically - relevant variables that are difficult to measure at global scale (e.g. surface roughness) can be inferred in part from vegetation and land - surface types.

There are two primary externalities that result from our emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere — 1) an enhancement of the greenhouse effect, which results in an alteration of the energy flow in the earth's climate and a general tendency to warm the global average surface temperature, and 2) an enhancement of the rate of photosynthesis in plants and a general tendency to result in more efficient growth and an overall healthier condition of vegetation (including crops).

States that other feedbacks likely to emerge are those in which key processes include surface fluxes of trace gases, changes in the distribution of vegetation, changes in surface soil moisture, changes in atmospheric water vapor arising from higher temperatures and greater areas of open ocean, impacts of Arctic freshwater fluxes on the meridional overturning circulation of the ocean, and changes in Arctic clouds resulting from changes in water vapor content

And it will force the groundwater table across the state closer to the surface, which could prevent floodwaters after heavy storms from draining or cause salt water to pool in inland areas, destroying vegetation.

Uncertainties in the hydrological cycle due to land surface parameterizations can be divided into uncertainties from the spatial distribution of vegetation and from the model parameter values.

Antarctic vegetation in the MMCO implies a summer temperature of approximately 11 °C warmer than today [24] and annual sea surface temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 11.5 °C [25].

Thus, a considerable part of the visible radiation is either absorbed or reflected, the interaction of vegetation with the photons from the visible region making the surface of the lands cooler and greener.

Snow - covered surfaces have a high albedo, the surface albedo of soils ranges from high to low, and vegetation - covered surfaces and oceans have a low albedo.

-LSB-...] With satellites, they have collected regional and global measurements of the «greenness» of the land surface and assessed the presence or absence of vegetation, while looking for signals to distinguish trees from shrubs from ground cover.

Changes in the land surface (vegetation, soils, water) resulting from human activities can affect regional climate through shifts in radiation, cloudiness and surface temperature.

How energy is transferred from the vegetation to underlying snow surfaces is understood in general terms but remains problematic in modelling and process details.

Changes in vegetation cover affect surface energy and water balances at the regional scale, from boreal to tropical forests.

In these cases, the prevailing dry conditions set the stage for the heat since the land is dried out, the vegetation is wilted, and all of the heat from the sun goes into raising temperatures, whereas ordinarily, in the process of evaporative cooling, surface water or wetness acts as an evaporative cooler (swamp cooler) of sorts.

And in many urban centres, pavements represent the largest area of land cover (estimates range from 29 to 45 per cent) when compared with surfaces covered by roofs and vegetation.