Sentences with phrase «surface melt over»

These satellite - derived maps show the extent of surface melt over Greenland's ice sheet during the summer of 2012...

Extent of surface melt over Greenland's ice sheet on July 8, 2012 (left), and July 12, 2012 (right).

Not exact matches

Brush melted butter over the surface of the dough.

To make the filling, pour 3/4 cup to 1 cup of the melted butter over the surface of the dough.

I folded the remaining layers over the top, brushing each surface with melted ghee.

Once the butter has melted, use your spatula to spread the butter over the entire surface of the skillet.

Brush generously with some of the melted butter and sprinkle the filling evenly over the surface.

Make the clarified butter: In a large heavy - bottomed pot set over medium - low heat, melt 10 sticks of the butter, spooning off and discarding the white foam that rises to the surface as the butter melts.

Make each packet by laying 1 sheet of filo on work surface and brush with melted butter, (Keep remaining filo covered with plastic wrap and a damp towel over the plastic to prevent drying out).

Slowly poor melted chocolate over heart, covering entire surface.

Spread evenly with melted butter and sprinkle the filling over the surface, pressing it lightly into the dough with your hands.

Stir gently, sprinkle shredded cheese over the surface, re-cover and set aside for an additional 2 minutes to melt the cheese.

Over the course of time, this may have led to peaks in deep mantle melting and possibly to major volcanic events at the Earth's surface.

Often the bergs are so nicely balanced that the slightest melting of their surfaces causes a shifting of the center of gravity and a consequent turning over of «the mass into a new position.

«Our timing was serendipitous, as it meant we were able to see changes in microbial processes over an extremely fast melting season and observe a process from start to end across all habitats on a glacier surface.

The great ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica, which rise to over 13,000 feet above sea level, accumulate ice over most of their surfaces and melt only at their lower elevations near the edges.

A study examined three different factors: warmer - than - usual surface atmosphere conditions (related to global warming); sea - ice thinning prior to the melting season (also related to global warming); and an August storm that passed over the Arctic, stirring up the ocean, fracturing the sea ice and sending it southward to warmer climes.

However, it's quite a different matter melting a long - lived massive ice sheet up to 1.5 km thick that covers over 70 % of the land surface (as happened at the end of the last glacial period), from melting isolated and much thinner ice caps / sheets that only cover about 11 % of the land surface (i.e. present - day).»

Despite the crude, thoroughly mundane picture surfaces, Martin's work has drawn for over 30 years on various traditions of spiritual abstraction, for which New York, where Martin has been living since 1975, was the melting pot.

Though air temperature has so far remained below freezing, melting has begun to occur, and the glacier is suffering net ablation over its entire surface.

If I assume surface melting of 1M / year over the interior, say 500e3 KM ** 2 due to warmer climate & darker ice surface (old wet ice versus clean dry snow) that would contribute 1.4 mm / year to sea levels.

The highs tend to enhance the flow of warm, moist air over Greenland, contributing to increased extreme heat events and surface ice melting, according to the study.

When attempts were made to update the record by redrilling in 1991, it was found that the annual cycle had been wiped out over the top 20 meters of the core by percolation of meltwater from extensive melting of the ice surface since 1976.

Changing this profile — even with major melting at the surface — will take on order of the characteristic response time, of about 3000 m / 0.25 m / year (height over accumulation rate) = 12,000 years.

The 2009 State of the Climate Report of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tells us that climate change is real because of rising surface air temperatures since 1880 over land and the ocean, ocean acidification, sea level rise, glaciers melting, rising specific humidity, ocean heat content increasing, sea ice retreating, glaciers diminishing, Northern Hemisphere snow cover decreasing, and so many other lines of evidence.

For several days this month, Greenland's surface ice cover melted over a larger area than at any time in more than 30 years of satellite observations.

As this week started, scientists monitoring the Greenland ice sheet experienced a shock - over 10 per cent of the island's ice sheet surface was experiencing melting of over 1 millimetre.

Maximum warming occurs over the surface during winter while less surface warming is found in summer when heat is being used to melt sea ice.

DMI says, The surface mass balance is calculated over a year from September 1st to August 31st (the end of the melt season) For the 2016 - 17 SMB year, which ended yesterday, the ice sheet had gained 544bn tonnes of ice, compared to an average for 1981 - 2010 of 368bn tonnes.

As it melts en route, so a trail of debris is deposited on the ocean floor — and fresh water is leaked all over the surface of the mid-Atlantic Ocean.

As reported in the November 11, 2017, TWTW, at least in part, Antarctic ice melt appears to be resulting from geothermal activity below the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, with over 130 geothermal hot spots identified near a rift valley below the surface.

Pokrovsky predicts a further acceleration of melting of the thin ice and in general greater ice loss compared to his June prediction; this change is based on the increase in the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Atlantic and the presence of hot air masses over Siberia and the Russian Arctic.

We all know this is the reason we have an active geological planet, that the ice is melting from beneath, that the sea floors have been changing depth, that volcano's are going off all over, that mud is spewing out of the surface, that wildlife is dying enmasse, and so who in hell do these imbeciles think they are fooling?

The summer of 2012 brought Greenland far more extensive melt than anything observed in the satellite record: in July 2012, surface melt extended over nearly the entire ice sheet.

As the icebergs melt along the way, they spread a lot of fresh water over the ocean surface.

Not only did Greenland Ice Sheet surface melt in 2012 occur over a bigger - than - average area, it also began about two weeks earlier at lower elevations and, for any given elevation, lasted longer.

Over the past 50 years, the oceans have absorbed about 90 % of the total heat added to the climate system while the rest goes to melting sea and land ice, and warming the land surface and atmosphere.

Over the past quarter - century, both the extent of melting and the length of the melt season on the Greenland ice sheet have been growing, as local temperatures have risen.6 Satellites measure the extent of melting by differentiating between areas of the ice mass that are fully frozen and those with surface meltwater.

The Earth's surface would keep warming about another 1.5 °C over the ensuing centuries as ice continued to melt, decreasing the planet's reflectivity.

«There are also big ponds that might dry out over large areas, as well as soils underlain by a network of ice wedges where warming could lead to a thermokarst, or a slumping, of the land surface as permafrost thaws and the ice wedges melt.

Haloclines are formed by summer melt water which is lower in salinity than the ocean and spreads over the surface as it can not penetrate the less dense, low salinity Arctic sea water.

Luke Trusel, a climate scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, whose similar work was cited in the DeConto paper, says that taken together, his work and DeConto's new work shows that «melting at the [ice shelf] surface can go from insignificant to extremely significant over a short amount of time.

(If holding evenly spaced flashlights over the surface will take, say, forever to melt Antarctica, you're thinking correctly!)

Diagnosing the extreme surface melt event over southwestern Greenland in 2007.

On July 12, a series of unusually warm ridges of air, or heat domes, that have been centred over Greenland since May, contributed to 97 % of the surface ice melting.

Second, and less important but still rather spectacular, was the melting of virtually every square inch of the surface of this ice sheet over a short period of a few days during the hottest part of the summer, a phenomenon observed every few hundred years but nevertheless an ominous event considering that it happened just as the aforementioned record ice mass loss was being observed and measured.

Based on the understanding of both the physical processes that control key climate feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences in the simulation of feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, the response of upper - tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal changes in climate; (ii) for cloud feedbacks, the response of boundary - layer clouds and anvil clouds to a change in surface or atmospheric conditions and the change in cloud radiative properties associated with a change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for snow albedo feedbacks, the relationship between surface air temperature and snow melt over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for sea ice feedbacks, the simulation of sea ice thickness.

The problem is that when Davey correctly pointed out that surface temperatures are only one small piece of overall global warming (about 2 percent), and melting ice and warming oceans must also be considered (over 90 percent of the overall heating of the planet), Neil remained focused exclusively on surface temperatures.

Surface temperature increases over the last century along with sea level rise and ice melt would have prompted some scientific investigation even without a global assessment made by a UN body.

There is an edited 15 minute 16 mm colour film recording taken by crew members that shows the conditions over parts of the time the vessel was on the surface at the pole in 1959, including activities to melt the ice on and about the submarine and showing part of the Wilkins service.