Sentences with phrase «surface modeled temperature»

Not exact matches

Spencer analyzed 90 climate models against surface temperature and satellite temperature data, and found that more than 95 percent of the models «have over-forecast the warming trend since 1979, whether we use their own surface temperature dataset (HadCRUT4), or our satellite dataset of lower tropospheric temperatures (UAH).»

Their aerosol paths and effects on surface temperatures could be modeled using Pinatubo guidelines.

One of the challenges has been accurately determining the difference between sea surface temperatures at the poles and the equator during the Eocene, with models predicting greater differences than data suggested.

In the study, scientists from the Potsdam - based Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, and Harvard University show that sea surface temperatures reconstructed from climate archives vary to a much greater extent on long time scales than simulated by climate models.

When ocean cycle shifts, globe is likely to warm up When climate models were run that included the stronger winds, they were able to reproduce the slowdown in surface temperatures.

We use different computer forecast models that feed initial conditions — including temperatures, humidity, wind speed and wind direction from around the United States and around the world, from the surface all the way up to the jet stream — into different equations.

On a millennial time scale, conventional climate models underestimated the variations of sea surface temperatures reconstructed from climate archives by a factor of 50.

NOAA's Coral Reef Watch uses satellite observations of sea surface temperatures and modeling to monitor and forecast when water temperatures rise enough to cause bleaching.

The researchers» model of early Earth is extremely simplified, he adds: Temperatures in Earth's interior were much hotter billions of years ago and the planet was geologically more «active,» with more volcanism at the surface and more churning in the mantle.

The scientists also ran a computer model to simulate the future of Greenland's surface temperature, grain size, exposed ice area and albedo.

«This is true for both types of models — those driven with observed sea surface temperatures, and the coupled climate models that simulate evolution of both the atmosphere and ocean and are thus not expected to yield the real - world evolution of the PDO.

«This immediately pointed to the importance of sea surface temperatures, and also suggested that models are capable of reproducing the observed rate of tropical widening, that is, they were not «deficient» in some way.»

«When we analyzed IPCC climate model experiments driven with the time - evolution of observed sea surface temperatures, we found much larger rates of tropical widening, in better agreement to the observed rate — particularly in the Northern Hemisphere,» Allen said.

Obtaining accurate sea surface temperatures is important for a range of applications — from weather prediction to climate modeling to understanding marine ecosystem fluctuations.

Instead, the researcher and his colleagues use historic measurements of air pressure and ocean temperatures, put into a model, to calibrate surface temperatures over the 20th century.

Maps of median TAE averaged across 23 model simulations for (a) and (b) mean surface air temperature, (c) and (d) highest daily maximum temperature, (e) and (f) lowest daily minimum temperature, (g) and (h) total precipitation, and (i), (j) maximum 1 - d precipitation for (a), (c), (e), (g) and (i) June - August and (b), (d), (f), (h) and (j) December - February.

Such model included meteorological factors like levels of aerosols, anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, and other items that influence global temperature — the surface albedo among them.

Long - term data from a wind farm at San Gorgonio, California, confirmed his earlier model predictions: surface temperatures behind the wind turbines were higher than in front during the night, but as much as 4 °C lower by day.

The computer model determines how the average surface temperature responds to changing natural factors, such as volcanoes and the sun, and human factors — greenhouse gases, aerosol pollutants, and so on.

Their models based on past population shifts predict that an increase of 1 degree C in sea surface temperature off the West Coast will reduce sea lion population growth to zero, while an increase of 2 degrees will lead to a 7 percent decline in the population.

February computer model runs forecast a return to normal sea surface temperatures by June.

They improved the models» handling of the relevant processes, such as cloud formation in response to sea surface temperatures, and let them run.

A warm bias in sea surface temperature in most global climate models is due to a misrepresentation of the coastal separation position of the Gulf Stream, which extends too far north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.

Rutgers University scientist Georgiy Stenchikov worked with Lioy and others to create the most up - to - date air contaminant model, using data about the region's wind, temperature, and humidity to supplement surface and space - based observations.

With coordinated experiments with six atmospheric general circulation models, forced by observed daily sea - ice concentration and sea surface temperatures.

«In our study we used satellite data for sea ice and sea surface temperatures to run some coordinated hindcast experiments with five different atmospheric models,» Ogawa says.

Hurricanes are powered by energy pulled out of warm seawater, so sea surface temperature data collected by satellites is fed into forecast models to estimate their intensity.

New computer modeling suggests that high temperature TPV conversion — which captures infrared radiation from very hot surfaces — could one day rival combined - cycle turbine systems when combined with thermal storage using liquid metal at temperatures around 1,300 degrees Celsius.

Researchers use models that combined observed temperatures with simulated sea surface temperatures and surface air temperatures to determine temperatures from 1401 to 1800.

Recent models indicate that the rain comes in twoforms: a constant, light drizzle over most of the surface, adding up totwo inches or so of precipitation per year, and occasional cloudburststhat carve out river channels and fill the lakes, only to evaporateagain when temperatures rise.

«It would be like trying to predict El Niño with a sophisticated atmospheric model, but with the Sea Surface Temperatures taken from external, independent projections by, for example, the United Nations,» said Kalnay.

To develop the model, they compared historic fire data from NASA's Terra satellite with sea surface temperature data in the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic oceans from buoys and satellite images compiled by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

In this latest study, the team of researchers applied empirical and process - based models, to analyze local areas, as well as the global surface, and the effect of temperature and water availability variations on carbon exchange between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere.

The team used a worldwide climate model that incorporated normal month - to - month variations in sea surface temperatures and sea ice coverage, among other climate factors, to simulate 12,000 years» worth of weather.

The models are based on equations which link krill growth, sea surface temperature, and food availability.

Venus may have had a shallow liquid - water ocean and habitable surface temperatures for up to 2 billion years of its early history, according to computer modeling of the planet's ancient climate by scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York.

Climate model simulations suggest that on average, as the surface temperature and moisture increases the conditions for thunderstorms becomes more frequent.

That's because the IPCC models only take into account temperature changes at the surface of glaciers, but not the rapid melting that occurs when glaciers calve and break up into the ocean, Rignot said.

For the 15 - year period starting in 1927, surface temperature is lower in 110 of the 114 model simulations (brown bars in the left graph below) than in the real - world (black line).

Surface temperature from HadCRUT4 (black line) tracks the lower edge of the 5 - 95 % range of climate model projections (grey shading).

I used was the surface temperature responses from histAll --(histGHG + histNatural) to obtain the response to aerosols + ozone + land - use and derive the enhancement of the response for that case relative to WMGHGs that I called E. Calculation of TCR based on histAll in a model is approximately the same as calculating the sum of responses to histGHG, histNat, and histInhomogeneous where the latter includes the factor E.

For the change in annual mean surface air temperature in the various cases, the model experiments show the familiar pattern documented in the SAR with a maximum warming in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a minimum in the Southern Ocean (due to ocean heat uptake)(2)

[Response: The study quoted uses the difference between the weather models and the mostly independent surface temperature record to estimate a residual trend.

Frankignoul, C. & Hasselmann, K. Stochastic climate models, part II application to sea - surface temperature anomalies and thermocline variability.

I understand that global surface temperatures are not responding as rapidly as they should be when the atmospheric models are considered.

This is not only in excellent agreement with the observed temperature changes at the surface (blue stars), it also correctly reproduces the observed heat storage in the oceans — a strong indicator that the model's heat budget is correct.

This model is comparable to HadCM3, but there is no dynamic ocean (instead prescribed sea surface temperatures are used).

Models of the surface environment using Pluto and Charon's known orbit around the Sun demonstrate that Charon's north pole has experienced long periods of continuous extremely low temperatures, cold enough to trap methane that has escaped from Pluto's atmosphere.

Mainstream climate models have also accurately projected global surface temperature changes.

We present a new modeling system that predicts both internal variability and externally forced changes and hence forecasts surface temperature with substantially improved skill throughout a decade, both globally and in many regions.