Sentences with phrase «surface ocean and atmosphere»

IPCC: «Equilibration of surface ocean and atmosphere occurs on a time scale of roughly one year.

But effective residence time is much longer because of the equlibrium (or near equlibrium) between surface ocean and atmosphere and biosphere and atmosphere.

But effective residence time is much longer because of the equlibrium (or near equlibrium) between surface ocean and atmosphere and biosphere and atmosphere.

Not exact matches

Because a magnetic field helps to preserve atmospheres and oceans, a magnetosphere may signify that a planet has complex surface life.

But research published yesterday in the journal Nature rebuts this idea, suggesting that it was changes in ocean circulation, not winds, that predominantly led the deep water to surface near Antarctica and exhale carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

The Carbon cycle is a geological process that regulates the CO2 - level in the atmosphere and with that, the temperature of the planet's surface: In the ocean, CO2, in its dissolved form, undergoes a chemical reaction and is then transported into Earth's mantle.

When we drive our car and carbon dioxide comes out of the tailpipe, within a year it has spread throughout the atmosphere and is integrated with the surface ocean.

Ocean currents affect the surface temperature of the oceans and thus the heat exchange with the atmosphere — eventually causing climate variations on the adjacent continents.

While Venus might have once had oceans and a more temperate climate (SN Online: 8/26/16), today it is home to a crushing carbon dioxide atmosphere and surface temperatures exceeding 460 ° C — hot enough to melt lead.

«This is true for both types of models — those driven with observed sea surface temperatures, and the coupled climate models that simulate evolution of both the atmosphere and ocean and are thus not expected to yield the real - world evolution of the PDO.

If Levison is right, the same scattering that created the Kuiper belt and built up the Oort cloud also bombarded the young Earth with comets, reshaping its surface and delivering the ices that helped create its oceans and atmosphere.

Without the ozone layer, ultraviolet rays from the sun would reach the surface at nearly full force, causing skin cancer and, more seriously, killing off the tiny photosynthetic plankton in the ocean that provide oxygen to the atmosphere and bolster the bottom of the food chain.

That means studying changes in the Pliocene atmosphere, the land surface and most of all the oceans, which absorb the bulk of planetary warming.

In these areas, deep ocean waters that are naturally rich in carbon dioxide are upwelling and mixing with surface waters that are absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

The researchers found that during glacial periods when the atmosphere was colder and sea ice was far more extensive, deep ocean waters came to the surface much further north of the Antarctic continent than they do today.

«Because the ocean is in contact with the atmosphere, there's heat exchange between the atmosphere and the surface ocean,» he said.

Phytoplankton and other plants in the surface ocean can emit gases containing bromine and also chlorine and iodine into the water, which then escape into the atmosphere.

The area boasts the world's warmest ocean temperatures and vents massive volumes of warm gases from the surface high into the atmosphere, which may shape global climate and air chemistry enough to impact billions of people worldwide.

A new study has found that turbulent mixing in the deep waters of the Southern Ocean, which has a profound effect on global ocean circulation and climate, varies with the strength of surface eddies — the ocean equivalent of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind spOcean, which has a profound effect on global ocean circulation and climate, varies with the strength of surface eddies — the ocean equivalent of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind spocean circulation and climate, varies with the strength of surface eddies — the ocean equivalent of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind spocean equivalent of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind speeds.

Zehner says that the agency plans to build and launch at least five «sentinel» satellites to monitor not only trace gases that indicate pollution in the atmosphere, but also the surface temperature of the oceans, the movement of ice and the shifting of land masses.

Tiny air bubbles form in the ocean when waves break, then rise to the surface and burst, releasing gases and aerosols into the atmosphere.

A study examined three different factors: warmer - than - usual surface atmosphere conditions (related to global warming); sea - ice thinning prior to the melting season (also related to global warming); and an August storm that passed over the Arctic, stirring up the ocean, fracturing the sea ice and sending it southward to warmer climes.

Prevailing scientific wisdom asserts that the deceleration of circulation diminishes the ocean's ability to absorb anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere as surface waters warm and become saturated with CO2.

«If all of the Earth's water is on the surface, that gives us one interpretation of the water cycle, where we can think of water cycling from oceans into the atmosphere and into the groundwater over millions of years,» she said.

Thanks to industrialization, mercury levels in the atmosphere are at least three times higher than they were 150 years ago, and mercury levels in ocean surface waters are higher too.

Drilling and piping methane to the ocean surface could release the gas into the atmosphere.

But in many instances, the simulations show, even planets starting with rocky cores as little as 1.5 Earth's mass may trap and hold atmospheres containing between 100 and 1000 times the amount of hydrogen found in the water in Earth's oceans — thick, dense envelopes exerting pressures so hellish that life on the planets» surfaces might be almost impossible.

While the planet's surface didn't warm as fast, vast amounts of heat energy continued to accumulate in the oceans and with the switch in the PDO, some of this energy could now spill back into the atmosphere.

It turns out that Earth's rotation and the presence of oceans and atmosphere on its surface mean it can be described as a «topological insulator» — a term usually reserved for quantum phenomena.

However, radiation changes at the top of the atmosphere from the 1980s to 1990s, possibly related in part to the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, appear to be associated with reductions in tropical upper - level cloud cover, and are linked to changes in the energy budget at the surface and changes in observed ocean heat content.

The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the boundary interface between the atmosphere and ocean, spanning the uppermost ~ 1 mm of the ocean.

They are seen in warming of the oceans, the land surface, and the lower atmosphere.

The key long - term stabilizing mechanism that keeps Earth's climate in the habitable range (allowing liquid water on its surface) is the carbon cycle: it is the journey of carbon through the atmosphere, the ocean, the rocks, and the volcanoes of our planet.

The observed fact that temperatures increases slower over the oceans than over land demonstrates that the large heat capacity of the ocean tries to hold back the warming of the air over the ocean and produces a delay at the surface but nevertheless the atmosphere responds quit rapidly to increasing greenhouse gases.

If we think of hurricanes as Stirling heat engines, then we realize that the two reservoirs are the mixed layer of the surface ocean (1) and the upper atmosphere (2); note that there is a general trend of stratospheric cooling as well.

They found increases in sea surface temperature and upper ocean heat content made the ocean more conducive to tropical cyclone intensification, while enhanced convective instability made the atmosphere more favorable for the growth of these storms.

The interaction of the ocean and atmosphere means that these changes in sea surface temperatures are translated into changes in wind direction and strength.

Stuck to their calcium carbonate platelets, organic matter sinks to the ocean floor — allowing surface layers to take up a new carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and process it.

Climate models are mathematical representations of the interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, ice — and the sun.

«Due to its large volume and surface area, the biogeochemical processes in the ocean are the main control on the levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,» Buchanan said.

Then, last year, after analyzing crust samples collected from the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, scientists estimated that our planet had, sometime between 2.6 million and 1.5 million years ago, been buffeted by supernovae shock waves — ones that left their mark not only on Earth's surface but also affected its atmosphere.

A: Climate models are mathematical representations of the interactions between the various aspects of the climate system including the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, ice, and the Sun.

They are the most advanced tools currently available for simulating the response of the global climate system — including processes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and land surface — to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations.

Remote sensing of the ocean and the near - surface atmosphere.

The decrease over the last 20 years is well substantiated by observation and is indistinguishable from the calculated decline assuming that the surface ocean is in near thermodynamic equilibrium with increasing CO2 concentration of the atmosphere.

Abstract: Surface ocean wind datasets are required to be of high spatial and temporal resolution and high precision to accurately force or be assimilated into coupled atmosphere - ocean numerical models and understand ocean - atmospheric processes.

However, comparison of the global, annual mean time series of near - surface temperature (approximately 0 to 5 m depth) from this analysis and the corresponding SST series based on a subset of the International Comprehensive Ocean - Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) database (approximately 134 million SST observations; Smith and Reynolds, 2003 and additional data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2005.

Hence, relatively small exchanges of heat between the atmosphere and ocean can cause significant changes in surface temperature.

However, it is also very noisy because a small amount of energy exchange between ocean and atmosphere make a big difference to surface temperature.

Of course, it all depends on the numbers, but if there were an exo - earth with a strong enough magnetosphere to maintain its oceans and atmosphere, and it were subject to periodic flares that irradiated the surface, then I would not rule out a biosphere on that hypothetical planet.