Sentences with phrase «surface ocean carbon»

Not exact matches

In addition to temperature, wind, and solar radiation data, the Pacific saildrones are measuring how the ocean and air exchange gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen, and they are using Doppler instruments to gauge currents coursing up to 100 meters below the surface.

And around Antarctica, where even the surface ocean water is already quite cold and dense, some of that water in the ocean depths, which is also carbon rich, eventually warmed enough so that it became less dense than the water above it.

But research published yesterday in the journal Nature rebuts this idea, suggesting that it was changes in ocean circulation, not winds, that predominantly led the deep water to surface near Antarctica and exhale carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

As these winds enhance ocean circulation, they may be encouraging carbon - rich waters to rise from the deep, say the team, meaning that surface water is less able to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.

When we drive our car and carbon dioxide comes out of the tailpipe, within a year it has spread throughout the atmosphere and is integrated with the surface ocean.

Although some lakes can also absorb CO2 at their surfaces similar to the way oceans do, the increases in these other sources of organic and inorganic carbon are likely the dominant factor, says Scott Higgins, a research scientist at the International Institute for Sustainable Development's Experimental Lakes Area, a natural laboratory of 58 small lakes in Ontario.

While Venus might have once had oceans and a more temperate climate (SN Online: 8/26/16), today it is home to a crushing carbon dioxide atmosphere and surface temperatures exceeding 460 ° C — hot enough to melt lead.

This happened in two steps: First, in the Antarctic zone of the Southern Ocean, a reduction in wind - driven upwelling and vertical mixing brought less deep carbon to the surface.

The ocean contains the largest active pool of carbon near the surface of the Earth, but the deep ocean part of this pool does not rapidly exchange with the atmosphere.

1 One proposal, first suggested in the late 1980s by oceanographer John Martin of the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in California, involves seeding ocean surfaces with iron to promote phytoplankton blooms that will soak up carbon dioxide, eventually exporting it into the deep ocean.

Year - round ice - free conditions across the surface of the Arctic Ocean could explain why Earth was substantially warmer during the Pliocene Epoch than it is today, despite similar concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Year - round ice - free conditions across the surface of the Arctic Ocean could explain why Earth was substantially warmer during the Pliocene Epoch than it is today, despite similar concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to new research carried out at the University of Colorado Boulder.

In these areas, deep ocean waters that are naturally rich in carbon dioxide are upwelling and mixing with surface waters that are absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

As its concentration rises in the atmosphere, carbon enters the ocean through chemical reactions, causing its pH at the surface to drop by 0.1 units since the preindustrial era.

In his letter on ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), Graham Cox suggests it could be used to fertilise surface waters with nutrient - rich deep water to promote plankton growth for carbon capture (1 December, p 31).

A crucial process has been identified to explain the reason why dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels in the deep oceans are constant despite a continuous supply from the surface ocean.

Titan has diverse, carbon - rich chemistry on a surface dominated by water ice, as well as an interior ocean.

During the spring and summer months, deep ocean water rich in carbon dioxide periodically wells up along the California coast when surface waters are pushed offshore by strong winds.

A large portion of biologically fixed carbon is formed by picocyanobacteria at the sea surface and then transported to the deep ocean.

Eventually, it makes its way back to the surface as the ocean's bottom water circulates and rises anew near the equator (although carbon buried in sediment might stay buried longer).

Even if all greenhouse emissions were to stop today, atmospheric carbon dioxide will remain high for millennia, and ocean surface temperatures will stay elevated even longer, a new study predicts.

Deploying new sensors that drift with sometimes strong currents (allowing better measurement of marine snow than sensors placed on the ocean floor or tethered to the surface), the team sampled the flora and fauna and measured the amount of falling carbon material captured to assess the role of the ocean as a true carbon sink.

The researchers can assess how much carbon can be captured and stored in the deep oceans by studying the amount of carbon that gets recycled back to the surface.

We have no idea, for example, how much of the atmospheric carbon being absorbed by the surface of the oceans reaches the bottom, nor how long that takes.

In his letter, Alec Dunn suggests that pumping nutrient - rich deep ocean water to the surface would stimulate plankton growth and hence capture atmospheric carbon (18 August, p 32).

«Controlling air pollution will bring huge benefits to human welfare but it may reduce the amount of nutrients to the surface ocean and, thus, the ocean carbon uptake rate.

Iron encourages the bloom of tiny algae called phytoplankton, which take in carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in the ocean for photosynthesis; that process in turn draws atmospheric CO2 into the surface waters.

Future assessments of carbon storage must now take into account the surface areas of the land - ocean aquatic continuum to ensure accurate estimation of carbon storage.

Earth and Venus are of comparable size and mass, yet the surface of Venus bakes at 460 degrees Celsius under an ocean of carbon dioxide that bears down with the weight of a kilometer of water.

Britton Stephens, an NCAR scientist and the project's co-principal investigator, said HIPPO flights have collected the first large - scale measurements of carbon dioxide and oxygen cycling into and out of surface waters of the Southern Ocean.

With higher levels of carbon dioxide and higher average temperatures, the oceans» surface waters warm and sea ice disappears, and the marine world will see increased stratification, intense nutrient trapping in the deep Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean) and nutrition starvation in the other oceans.

Small, slow - sinking organic particles may play a bigger role than previously thought in the transport of carbon below the surface ocean.

The ocean's biological pump works to draw down atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by exporting carbon from the surface ocean.

To confirm these trends and find out what was behind them, Ritter et al. used the products of the Surface Ocean pCO2 Mapping (SOCOM) intercomparison project to track carbon dioxide (CO2) trends in the Southern Ocean.

The key long - term stabilizing mechanism that keeps Earth's climate in the habitable range (allowing liquid water on its surface) is the carbon cycle: it is the journey of carbon through the atmosphere, the ocean, the rocks, and the volcanoes of our planet.

It is a true multi-talent: Its calcium carbonate platelets carry organic material from the surface to the deep ocean, which regulates carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.

Stuck to their calcium carbonate platelets, organic matter sinks to the ocean floor — allowing surface layers to take up a new carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and process it.

The oceans are great at absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air, but when their deep waters are brought to the surface, the oceans themselves can be a source of this prevalent greenhouse gas.

However, because the anthropenic carbon input will occur within just 300 years, which is less than the mixing time of the ocean (38), the impacts on surface ocean pH and biota will probably be more severe».

One explanation (ix) conceived in the 1980s invokes more stratification, less upwelling of carbon and nutrient - rich waters to the surface of the Southern Ocean and increased carbon storage at depth during glacial times.

The carbon in the atmosphere, ocean, on the surface, life, and other shallow, near surface reservoirs accounts for only about 10 % of Earth's carbon.

The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition (the concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane); changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles (and possibly the Sun's orbit around the galaxy); the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the Earth's surface, which could affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth - Moon system; and the impact of relatively large meteorites, and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.

Similarly, if you cool the ocean surface, the ocean can dissolve more carbon dioxide.

A large ensemble of Earth system model simulations, constrained by geological and historical observations of past climate change, demonstrates our self ‐ adjusting mitigation approach for a range of climate stabilization targets ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 °C, and generates AMP scenarios up to year 2300 for surface warming, carbon emissions, atmospheric CO2, global mean sea level, and surface ocean acidification.

Empirical data for the CO2 «airborne fraction», the ratio of observed atmospheric CO2 increase divided by fossil fuel CO2 emissions, show that almost half of the emissions is being taken up by surface (terrestrial and ocean) carbon reservoirs [187], despite a substantial but poorly measured contribution of anthropogenic land use (deforestation and agriculture) to airborne CO2 [179], [216].

The carbon cycle defines the fate of CO2 injected into the air by fossil fuel burning [1], [168] as the additional CO2 distributes itself over time among surface carbon reservoirs: the atmosphere, ocean, soil, and biosphere.

Collectively, these observations can be used to project trends of ocean acidification in higher latitude marine surface waters where inorganic carbon chemistry is largely influenced by sea ice meltwater.

[OOOPS; this nonlinear effect puts their «alternative concept» into the realm of Trump administration «alternative facts» — BD] Although the deep ocean could dissolve 70 to 80 % of the expected anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and the sediments could neutralize another 15 % it takes some 400 years for the deep ocean to exchange with the surface and thousands more for changes in sedimentary calcium carbonate to equilibrate with the atmosphere.

The carbon dioxide buildup is changing the chemistry of surface seawater, lowering its pH in a way that, in theory, could be harmful to the shell - forming and reef - forming marine organisms of today's ocean ecosystem.

A rapid depletion in 13C between about 17,500 and 14,000 years ago, simultaneous with a time when the CO2 concentration rose substantially, is consistent with release of CO2 from an isolated deep - ocean source that accumulated carbon due to the sinking of organic material from the surface.