Sentences with phrase «surface of frozen water»

Not exact matches

For some reason freezing and later thawing pumpkin brings a lot of water to the surface.

Cook gnocchi in a large pot of boiling salted water, stirring occasionally, until gnocchi float to the surface, about 2 minutes (slightly longer if frozen).

If the surface is very cold (below the freezing point of water) the condensed water vapor freezes, this is what we see as frost.

«When the weather fluctuates between warm and cold and in bodies of water where there are currents underneath the ice, it can weaken the surface of the ice and make it dangerously fragile even though it seems to be frozen solid,» said Joe Pecoraro, manager of the Park District's Beaches and Pools Unit, who narrated the demonstration.

Films of liquid water persist far below freezing, like coatings of condensation, on the surfaces of some minerals.

Muscles must stay warm to remain efficient, but that's a challenge for these beasts because they often swim in near - freezing waters, either in cold regions of the world or deep below the sun - warmed surface.

On Pluto, a slurry of nitrogen and water ice melted by subsurface heat stands in for lava, the team suggests, freezing solid once it is exposed at the surface.

The dayside of a planet close to an M dwarf, however, might become so hot that water escapes to space; on the frigid nightside, the atmosphere could freeze to the surface.

But the soil on Mars is known to host perchlorate salts, which lower the freezing point of water, meaning the chilly surface conditions are not an absolute barrier to liquid water.

Rime is white ice that forms when water droplets in fog freeze to the surfaces of objects.

Although today's Martian surface is barren, frozen and uninhabitable, a trail of evidence points to a once warmer, wetter planet, where water flowed freely.

In the 1990s the Galileo space probe collected convincing evidence that Jupiter's large moon Europa has a global ocean of liquid water beneath its frozen surface.

While that water could initially come from Earth, it could later come from water ice frozen on asteroids, in shadowed regions of the moon's surface, from possible sources on Mars» two moons, or from Mars itself.

Schimdt has found evidence that warm ocean currents and convective forces beneath Europa's frozen shell can cause large blocks of ice to overturn and melt, bringing vast pockets of water, sometimes holding as much liquid as all of the Great Lakes combined, to within several kilometers of the moon's icy surface.

Within two hours Phoenix had transmitted the first surface images of the planet's polar terrain: a level plain marked with regular octagonal mounds and furrows, evidence of freeze - thaw cycles in a substance that Phoenix's instruments would prove to be frozen water.

Two years ago tomorrow, the Phoenix Mars Lander plopped down near the north pole, and for 5 months it transmitted data indicating the onetime presence of water beneath the frozen surface.

Fitted with a spectrometer that measured the varying wavelengths of light reflected back to Earth, the scope allowed him to determine Europa's composition, and prove that its surface is an expanse of frozen water.

There is probably water - ice at depth on Pluto, but the surface ice is a mixture of frozen methane, ethane, carbon monoxide and nitrogen.

New research shows how a layer of water on the surface of ice — even at temperatures well below freezing — can influence everything from the slipperiness of a skating rink to the electrification of thunderclouds

This creates a dense net of fibers that water can't penetrate — and it also traps air bubbles that prevent heat transfer, keeping water from freezing on the feather's surface.

Experiments and simulations showed that a water droplet on a repellent surface will freeze upward into a microscopic six - armed formation that resembles an idealized snowflake, with only a small portion of its base adhering to the surface.

Theories of icicle growth had traditionally had nothing to say about such features, but Farzaneh and Ueno suggested surface tension between the freezing water and the surrounding air was the culprit: the higher the surface tension, the fewer ripples on the icicles (Physics of Fluids, vol 22, p 017102).

Scheduled for launch in May, it will place a seismometer on the surface to probe the interior and perhaps find frozen remnants of that ancient ocean, or even liquid water.

Discovered in 1978 by the United States Naval Observatory, Charon is the largest of Pluto's five moons and is only half the size of Pluto and one - eighth of its mass, with a surface dominated by a mixture of water ice and frozen ammonia.

Among the potential technological tools of the mission is a super-heated drill that would land on the moon's frozen surface and burrow through approximately 15 miles of frozen water, reaching the massive store of liquid water beneath.

The telescope is believed to have captured direct images of water vapor plumes rising 125 miles above the surface of Jupiter's frozen moon.

Water ice and perhaps liquid water occur beneath the frozen surfaces of three of Jupiter's moons, although currently none have free surface waWater ice and perhaps liquid water occur beneath the frozen surfaces of three of Jupiter's moons, although currently none have free surface wawater occur beneath the frozen surfaces of three of Jupiter's moons, although currently none have free surface waters.

And here's one reason: The snippets of DNA that they studied all come from frozen lake water collected tens of meters above the current surface of the lake.

The salts could be remnants of an ocean, or localized bodies of water, that reached the surface and then froze millions of years ago.

KAMUELA, Hawaii — With data collected from the mighty W. M. Keck Observatory, California Institute of Technology (Caltech) astronomer Mike Brown — known as the Pluto killer for discovering a Kuiper - belt object that led to the demotion of Pluto from planetary status — and Kevin Hand from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) have found the strongest evidence yet that salty water from the vast liquid ocean beneath Europa's frozen exterior actually makes its way to the surface.

Using NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility on Hawaii's Mauna Kea, the spectra revealed the consistent presence of frozen water as different parts of the asteroid's surface came into view.

Because planets either too close to or too far from their host stars will be at temperatures that cause water either to boil or to freeze, astrobiologists define a «habitable zone,» a range of orbital distances within which planets can support liquid water on their surfaces.

A recent study by a team of US astronomers argues that Charon might harbor frozen underground oceans of liquid water, the pressence of which could be inferred by surface geologic features that could be visible to the New Horizons -LSB-...]

The discovery team presumes that VP113 has an icy reflective surface like other relatively small, outer Solar System objects, as the dwarf planet is observed to have a pink tinge, which is hypothesized to result from chemical changes produced by the effect of radiation on frozen water, methane, and carbon dioxide.

«So the best explanation is a region of salty, liquid water below the frozen surface, which supplies a conductive layer.

This layer of cold, fresh water on the ocean surface freezes easily [10].

«The surface of Mars is so cold — on average -70 ° to -100 °C -LSB--94 °F to -148 °F]-- that any water within 2 or 3 kilometers of the surface, never mind a meter or two, should be permanently frozen, they noted.»

Currently, the planet is barren and below freezing, with much of its water seen near the surface as ice.

Because the average surface temperature of Mars is colder than -80 °F and the atmospheric pressure is 6 — 10 mbar, liquid water would quickly freeze on Mars.

Farrow's second Émile Cinq - Mars novel opens with a stunning sequence in which the Montreal police detective finds a body submerged in water beneath a frozen lake, a favorite haunt of ice fisherman: «The circular ice hole was partially filled with water, and a few inches below the surface floated a human head, the long hair beaded with ice, the face plunged down into the frigid lake.»

These abilities allow Link to manipulate the environment by lifting magnetic objects, freezing objects (and later enemies) in time, creating blocks of ice on water surfaces, and summoning bombs.

Some of the later areas, especially the inundated temple (where you have to freeze enemies and leap atop and from their frozen forms to proceed from one water - enclosed slab of stone to the next) and the ice cavern (with its slippery surfaces and tricky platforming), pose extreme challenges; you'll feel great when you finally get through them.

Although the river last froze more than half a century ago, the designers have also allowed for the possibility of skating on the pool's surface, by adding wood slats and a thin layer of water on top that can be left to freeze.

JacquesLB (# 8)-- your argument only explains why the bottom of the ocean is not colder than it is, or indeed frozen at the bottom — colder water heads upwards and freezes at the surface.

Of course, during winter as the water freezes on the surface, the resulting sea - ice is less dense, so it floats.

A longer period of open water with larger areas will allow more mixing of the top 2 - 300 meters, which should increase the surface salinity prior to freeze up, possibly enhancing the effect.

Scientists have thought that the feathers» water repellency was at the heart of matter — water would slide off the surface before having a chance to freeze.

The sinking is mainly driven by the saltiness of the water, which is affected by evaporation of fresh water from the surface or, particularly in the Arctic, freezing seawater which leaves salt behind in the water beneath the ice.

If the sun suddenly shut off, the earth would cool down quickly, and get so cold that the greenhouse gases (most, if not all; certainly water vapor and CO2 - methane freezes at 91 degrees k or -182 deg C) that slow the loss of heat to space would condense out, making the equilibrium surface temperature even colder.

This is very interesting, not the missing data or that stuff, but the ocean surface temperature looks to be tightly constrained by the specific volume of the atmosphere and the freezing points of water.