Sentences with phrase «surface of the cell»

The human body has about 1,000 kinds of such receptors, structures on the surface of cells, which let the body respond to a wide variety of chemical signals, like adrenaline.

«We discovered that Neu1, a protein nicknamed after «neuraminidase 1,» turns the absorption of sugar «on» or «off» in body cells, by regulating the amount of sialic acid on the surface of cells,» Dr. Pshezhetsky explains.

PD - L1 sits on the surface of cells and acts as a kind of stop sign, telling T cells not to attack.

Like many drugs, beta blockers target receptors embedded in the surface of cells.

By hindering LMPTP, the drug reawakens insulin receptors on the surface of cells — especially in the liver — which normally absorb excess sugar from the blood when they detect insulin.

Not to science, though: the taste has recently been traced to a single receptor on the surface of cells on your tongue.

Q1s create the pore that the potassium flows through and the E1s control how slowly that pore opens and closes, how many channels are on the cell surface of each cell and how they are regulated by drugs.

They did this by attaching the HREs to structural genes that create a protein that can be detected on the surface of cells.

Work is now continuing to study what transmitter substance and what receptor on the surface of the cell are responsible for the newly discovered timing mechanism.

Although some cancers — particularly those that are rife with mutations like lung cancer or melanoma — create more tangible targets on the surface of cells for the immune system to recognize and attack, other malignancies such as prostate and pancreatic cancers have proved more intransigent.

Here, three mouse neurons are each tinted a different color, so that the surfaces of their cell bodies, dendrites, and axons are visible.

Pcdhαc2 is found in a cluster of genes that contain the blueprints for proteins that protrude from the surface of cells.

An animal's immune system detects foreign cells by scanning for proteins, called antigens, that stick out from the surface of each cell.

Both are loaded with opioid receptors — proteins that sit on the surface of cells and grab onto opioids.

This was done by identifying amounts of thousands of individual proteins on the surface of the cell.

The borrowed genes control the production of sugars carried on the surface of the cells.

In this situation, oxygen that enters the light organ is bound to the surface of the cell's energy - producing organelles, called the mitrochondria, and is thereby not available for transport further within the light organ.

We would know the basic structure of every last one of its proteins: every enzyme in its metabolism, every signal - bearing hormone coursing through its body, every receptor poised to receive those signals on the surface of its cells.

Researchers knew that cells could ingest some molecules and break them down completely inside small vesicles called lysosomes, but none of the products was transported back to the surface of the cell.

The rheumatoid arthritis drug, an anti-inflammatory, physically binds to cadherin - 11 (CDH - 11) on the surface of cells so that they can't bind together.

Since then, evidence has emerged that the crucial human proteins are HLA antigens, proteins that appear on the surfaces of cells and vary from person to person.

The researchers first moved the particle to the surface of the cell membrane.

MERS CoV (CoV stands for coronavirus) has on its surface an array of spike - shaped proteins that bind to host cells — specifically to receptor proteins called DPP4 on the surface of cells that line human airways.

They looked specifically for genes coding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-- a molecule found on the surface of cells that acts as a crucial component of the immune systems of most vertebrates.

ADGRE2 is composed of two subunits — a beta subunit located within the cell's outer membrane, and an alpha subunit located on the outside surface of the cell.

To help the new organ withstand the assault from the recipient's natural defenses, doctors developed tissue type matching, a technique to determine if the chemistry of the donor's immune system, defined by antigens on the surface of cells, was similar to that of the recipient's.

A pancreatic cancer vaccine could be made of whole pancreatic cancer cells, treated so they can't replicate, but modified to present certain molecules on the surface of those cells.

The actin responds by growing longer, and then attaches itself to the virus, still sitting on the surface of the cell, as a so - called «actin tail».

Now a team of researchers led by Philip Kim, a professor of computer science and molecular genetics in the University of Toronto's Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, has developed a new technology for making mirror - image peptides, which bind and activate receptors on the surface of cells.

The problem with viruses that typically cause cancer, though, is that they tend hide out of reach — inside of rather than on the surface of cells.

Tucked into the internal surface of the cell's outer membrane, these versatile molecules coordinate cellular responses to a multitude of signals that impinge from without

Dendritic cells constantly patrol the body, sampling bits of protein found on the surface of cells or viruses called antigens.

Antigens are flags on the surface of cells, and they trigger the immune response when the flags are foreign.

A team of researchers from the Pasteur Institute in Paris has discovered a second receptor on the surface of cells that helps HIV to enter and infect them.

These signals generally work like a key (the peptide) fitting into a lock on the surface of a cell (the protein receptor).

A fourth goal is to map the surface of cells with KRAS mutations because this could suggest proteins or peptides that could be targeted with antibodies or nanoparticles.

Surfaces of these cells had lower concentrations of hyaluronan, a chemical substance that promotes tissue repair and renewal.

When the scientists examined the cells in the growing communities closely, they found nanoparticles of magnetite on the surface of cells and, in some cases, grains of the iron mineral connecting microbial pairs.

The viruses also induce the bacteria to produce a second set of proteins that helps guide the assembly of P22 spheres, from the coat proteins, on the outer surface of the cell membrane.

The other end, known as the constant region, binds to receptors on the surface of cells that can direct the immune system to respond in a variety of ways, all in the hopes of eliminating the target on the variable end of the antibody.

Sticky - trap includes a binding component that attaches to the surface of cells, ensuring that it remains in place and is stable, as well as the biologically active component.

In the new piglet clones, a gene that codes for a sugar on the surface of cells has been turned off.

And like those transporters, the protein was shaped like a tube and wedged in the outer surface of the cells, resembling the kind of biological valve that would move chloride in and out.

In patients with this mutation, called G551D, the distorted protein obstructs the flow of salt and fluids through the surface of cells, causing mucus in the lungs to thicken like oatmeal.

The walls of the tubes are essentially the outside surfaces of the cells.

A CFTR protein with this mutation can not fold properly and can not navigate its way to the surface of the cell where it would normally reside, providing a channel for chloride to flow in and out.

Current studies, such as those of Michael Reth, for example, indicate that these antennas are not randomly distributed over the surface of the cell.

The researchers are using the «Proximity Ligation Assay» method to measure the distances between B cell receptors on the surface of the cell.

«This is the first time that we have been able to actually look at how the components of a bacterial cell membrane are able to interact with different substances, and understand how differences in metal and mineral interactions can occur on the surface of a cell.

The finding improves scientists» understanding of the densely packed protrusions — resembling a carpet — on the surface of some cells that line the insides of the intestines and respiratory system.