Sentences with phrase «surface ozone from»

«We created the largest database of surface ozone from hourly observations at more than 4,800 monitoring sites worldwide, and we're making these data freely available to anyone who wants to investigate the impact of ozone on human health, vegetation, and climate.»

Not exact matches

Emissions from vehicles, power plants, industrial operations, and other human activities are a primary cause of surface ozone, which is one of six main pollutants regulated in the U.S. by the Clean Air Act.

Without the ozone layer, ultraviolet rays from the sun would reach the surface at nearly full force, causing skin cancer and, more seriously, killing off the tiny photosynthetic plankton in the ocean that provide oxygen to the atmosphere and bolster the bottom of the food chain.

Even down on the Red Planet's surface, the Curiosity rover might be able to get in on the act: Because Mars's atmosphere has no ozone to block ultraviolet light, sensors on the rover will be able to detect those wavelengths and thereby monitor certain trace gases spewing from the comet — unless a dust storm blocks the view to space, Lemmon says.

In order to keep aerosols from harming the ozone, the particles would need to neutralize sulfuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acid on their surface.

Over the last 50 years satellite and ground - based records over Antarctica show ozone column amounts ranging from 100 to 400 Dobson units, which translates to about 1 millimeter (1/25 inch) to 5 millimeters (1/6 inch) of ozone in a layer if all of the ozone were brought down to the surface.

In the high atmosphere, ozone plays a crucial role in shielding the surface from harmful levels of ultraviolet light.

The ozone concentrations in his measurements remained nearly constantly below the detection limit of approx. 10 ppbv in the entire vertical range from the surface of Earth to an altitude of around 15 kilometres.

On Earth, temperature inversion occurs because ozone in the stratosphere absorbs much of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, preventing it from reaching the surface, protecting the biosphere, and therefore warming the stratosphere instead.

Ozone high in the atmosphere protects Earth's surface from ultraviolet light.

Because ozone in the troposphere is a precursor to OH, they deployed weather balloons equipped with measuring devices known as sondes to measure the amount of ozone in the air from the surface to the stratosphere.

Earth's ozone layer, 10 kilometres above the surface, is produced when light from the Sun interacts with molecules of oxygen in our atmosphere, and it produces an unmistakable signal that could be detected by JWST.

Short - lived bromine compounds naturally released from the ocean surface, however, have a more pronounced impact on ozone than their short - lived industrial cousins.

«If the star is active (as indicated by the X-ray flux) then [a planet in orbit] needs an ozone layer to shield its surface from the harsh UV that would sterilize the surface,» Kaltenegger said.

It contributes to the water vapor continum in the window and this is similar to the ozone, producing a flux change that can be seen from above as from the surface.

Certain particles may have a damaging effect on the ozone layer, vital for keeping harmful UV rays away from the surface of the Earth.

I used was the surface temperature responses from histAll --(histGHG + histNatural) to obtain the response to aerosols + ozone + land - use and derive the enhancement of the response for that case relative to WMGHGs that I called E. Calculation of TCR based on histAll in a model is approximately the same as calculating the sum of responses to histGHG, histNat, and histInhomogeneous where the latter includes the factor E.

The TOAR database contains the world's largest collection of ozone metrics, calculated consistently from hourly ozone observations at all available surface monitoring sites around the globe.

Consistency for surface ozone levels was more difficult to achieve due to the influence of emissions from up - wind regions.

A team of researchers from the NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California and the Wageningen University in the Netherlands measured the amount of ozone between 10,000 and 30,000 feet above the Earth's surface.

Ozone, made from three bound oxygen atoms, helps filter the sun's harmful UV rays from Earth's surface.

Like the other greenhouse gases, ozone blocks heat from the Earth's surface and prevents it from escaping into outer space.

The point being that w / out ongoing decimation from soot, wind, ozone (surface ozone pollution that warms from UV), the AO and greenhouse gases, the ice would have been more likely to recover from the impact of such an event.

The lack of ozone is chilling the middle and upper atmosphere, altering wind patterns in a way that keeps comparatively warm air from reaching the surface.

The springtime stratospheric ozone hole & surface ozone also have an impact, and the combination of soot & surface ozone would exceed the impact from greenhouse gases (soot deposition alone is on par with greenhouse gases in the boreal thaw).

Due to the important role of ozone in driving temperature changes in the stratosphere as well as radiative forcing of surface climate, several different groups have provided databases characterizing the time - varying concentrations of this key gas that can be used to force global climate change simulations (particularly for those models that do not calculate ozone from photochemical principles).

This process occurs variously from 20 to 40 km above the surface in the Ozone Layer.

Now with a slightly different group, Li has compiled data from multiple sources and performed model simulations to investigate the possibility that Arctic stratospheric ozone is connected to the ENSO via the North Pacific sea - surface temperature (SST).

However, many of the aerosols scientists have suggested using, such as diamond dust or alumina, are harmful to the ozone (a layer that protects the Earth's surface from some of the sun's ultraviolet rays) and human health.

Ozone is vital in protecting the Earth's surface from solar UV and is itself a tiny trace gas in the atmosphere.

Last week, one of these unexpected disasters was suddenly revealed: a paper in Science argued that powerful thunderstorms threaten to rip a hole in the atmospheric ozone layer that protects the planet's surface from dangerous ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

'' «It all amounts to a mystery, but a troubling one because ozone protects life at the surface from incoming ultraviolet radiation, and any thinning of total ozone in the stratosphere is cause for concern.

Absorption of solar radiation by ozone shields the terrestrial surface from harmful ultraviolet light and warms the stratosphere, producing maximum temperatures of − 15 to 10 °C (5 to 50 °F) at an altitude of 50 km (30 miles).

52 • Immune system suppression Natural Capital Degradation Effects of Ozone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton • Disrupted aquatic food webs from reduced phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stratospOzone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton • Disrupted aquatic food webs from reduced phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stratospozone in the stratosphere.

The various kinds of evidence examined by the panel suggest that the troposphere actually may have warmed much less rapidly than the surface from 1979 into the late 1990s, due both to natural causes (e.g., the sequence of volcanic eruptions that occurred within this particular 20 - year period) and human activities (e.g., the cooling of the upper part of the troposphere resulting from ozone depletion in the stratosphere).

The wind patterns may have changed due to a combination of the current Pacific Decadal Oscillation which has now started changing, and the ozone hole allowing more sunlight to reach the surface rather than being absorbed in the stratosphere; the extra energy from this may have accelerated the winds.

This stratospheric ozone layer prevents the Sun's harmful, high - energy radiation from reaching Earth's surface.

This is problematic because ozone blocks harmful radiation — which can damage DNA and lead to skin cancer, among other problems — from reaching the Earth's surface.

Chemical processes on the surface of the cloud particles transform the initially harmless chemicals from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into aggressive ozone - depleting substances.

When the intensity of ultraviolet light from the sun increases, temperature rises in this ozone rich air and weakens the downdraft, lowers the surface pressure and with it the strength of the trade winds that blow across the ocean to the low pressure zones that form over the warm waters that accumulate in the west.

Ozone is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms, and the ozone layer, which stretches from heights of 12 to 19 miles (20 to 30 kilometers) above the Earth's surface, protects life on Earth by shielding it from ultraviolet (UV) radiaOzone is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms, and the ozone layer, which stretches from heights of 12 to 19 miles (20 to 30 kilometers) above the Earth's surface, protects life on Earth by shielding it from ultraviolet (UV) radiaozone layer, which stretches from heights of 12 to 19 miles (20 to 30 kilometers) above the Earth's surface, protects life on Earth by shielding it from ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Until the 1990s, the widespread use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for refrigerants and aerosols created an ozone hole in the Earth's stratosphere (the second layer of the atmosphere from Earth's surface) over Antarctica.

The climate system is highly non-linear8 and relatively little is known about the effect on temperature changes resulting from human contributions to the changing three - dimensional distributions of ozone and aerosols, either or both of which may have been partially responsible for the observed discrepancy between surface and lower to mid-tropospheric temperature changes.

Stratospheric ozone has been called «good» ozone because it protects the Earth's surface from dangerous ultraviolet light.

Its warm here because Ozone is stopping solar radiation from getting to the surface but this heats up the Ozone.

The ozone layer blocks harmful radiation — which can damage DNA and lead to skin cancer, among other problems — preventing it from reaching the Earth's surface.

The ozone layer is important, because it prevents harmful ultraviolet radiation from reaching the surface of the planet.

Some of the heat flowing back toward space from the Earth's surface is absorbed by water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone and several other gases in the atmosphere and then re-radiated back toward the Earth's surface.

These problems are compounded by crop damage from ozone partly produced by cookstove emissions, and from surface dimming that results as airborne black carbon intercepts sunlight.

60 • Immune system suppression Natural Capital Degradation Effects of Ozone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stratospOzone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stratospozone in the stratosphere.