Sentences with phrase «surface polar temperatures»

There has to be an obvious and simple flaw in the using of lower troposphere satellite temperatures at 3,000 m elevation to guesstimate actual surface polar temperatures.

Not exact matches

Their data showed that the difference between polar and equatorial sea surface temperatures in the Eocene was an estimated 20 degrees Celsius, about 36 degrees Fahrenheit.

The P - 3 Orion, based at NASA's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, will carry IceBridge's most comprehensive instrument suite: a scanning laser altimeter that measures surface elevation, three types of radar systems to study ice layers and the bedrock underneath the ice sheet, a high - resolution camera to create color maps of polar ice, and infrared cameras to measure surface temperatures of sea and land ice.

The polar regions are where we can find frozen H2O and frozen volatile gases, solar power 24/7 for 80 % or more of a Lunar month, moderate non-crater surface temperatures that usually stay close to around a -55 degrees Centigrade, and a whole lot more.

It normally reaches its widest extent in the southern hemisphere in the spring (August and September), as extreme cold temperatures in the stratosphere facilitate chemical reactions on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds.

Cassini first revealed active geological processes on Enceladus in 2005 with evidence of an icy spray issuing from the moon's south polar region and higher - than - expected temperatures in the icy surface there.

This bundle contains 11 ready - to - use Ice Age Worksheets that are perfect for students who want to learn more about An ice age which is a period of long - term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.

[Response: They measure something different (MSU - TLT is a weighted average of temperatures reaching from the surface to 10 km, peaking at around ~ 4 km and with significant influence from surface type depending on elevation and polar latitude).

Simple arguments based on the expected «polar amplification «and the fact that the surface temperature gradient between the tropics and the poles will likely decrease would reduce the scope for «baroclinic instability» (the main generator of mid-latitudes storms).

For instance, in the IRIS paper, Lindzen argues that tropical surface temperature and polar surface temperature should be assumed to vary in exactly the same way as CO2 concentrations increase.

Their focus appears to be the Arctic, where polar amplification has land surface temperatures warming at an accelerated rate.

The meeting will mainly cover the following themes, but can include other topics related to understanding and modelling the atmosphere: ● Surface drag and momentum transport: orographic drag, convective momentum transport ● Processes relevant for polar prediction: stable boundary layers, mixed - phase clouds ● Shallow and deep convection: stochasticity, scale - awareness, organization, grey zone issues ● Clouds and circulation feedbacks: boundary - layer clouds, CFMIP, cirrus ● Microphysics and aerosol - cloud interactions: microphysical observations, parameterization, process studies on aerosol - cloud interactions ● Radiation: circulation coupling; interaction between radiation and clouds ● Land - atmosphere interactions: Role of land processes (snow, soil moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation) in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction ● Physics - dynamics coupling: numerical methods, scale - separation and grey - zone, thermodynamic consistency ● Next generation model development: the challenge of exascale, dynamical core developments, regional refinement, super-parametrization ● High Impact and Extreme Weather: role of convective scale models; ensembles; relevant challenges for model development

The global average temperature calculations cover 97 - 98 percent of the earth's surface, excluding only the most extreme polar latitudes.

Mars undergoes temperature swings influenced by how much sunlight reaches the surface, which also affects its polar ice caps (another great influence on the atmosphere.)

Higher temperatures in polar regions and a decrease in the salinity of surface water due to melting ice sheets could interrupt such circulation, the report says.

When oceans get cold, and the surface of polar waters freezes, it snows much less and the sun takes away ice and limites the lower bound of temperature and sea level.

The problem with under - coverage of polar and remote regions for representation on global surface temperature estimates even so late as today is a shameful comment on how little commitment to understanding our world better those with resources have.

Because the GISS analysis combines available sea surface temperature records with meteorological station measurements, we test alternative choices for the ocean data, showing that global temperature change is sensitive to estimated temperature change in polar regions where observations are limited.

That energy only gets back to the surface in polar regions, and so it does not affect the temperature of the ocean surfaces in non-polar regions — probably about half of Earth's surface.

Global warming leads to rising temperatures of the oceans and the earth» surface causing melting of polar ice caps, rise in sea levels and also unnatural patterns of precipitation such as flash floods, excessive snow or desertification.

The increase in relative humidity is due to warmer surface sea temperatures allowing greater evaporation and warmer polar conditions causing less condensation.

Model biases are compared to biases in the sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, the polar jet stream, the Eady growth rate, and model resolution.

During the first period the stratospheric polar vortex, a system of strong westerly winds at altitudes 10 - 50 km, is projected to weaken, and this weakening slows down westerly winds all the way down to the surface, cancelling out the effect of the increasing temperature difference between the Tropics and the Pole», explains researcher Alexey Karpechko from FMI.

For example, reductions in seasonal sea ice cover and higher surface temperatures may open up new habitat in polar regions for some important fish species, such as cod, herring, and pollock.128 However, continued presence of cold bottom - water temperatures on the Alaskan continental shelf could limit northward migration into the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea off northwestern Alaska.129, 130 In addition, warming may cause reductions in the abundance of some species, such as pollock, in their current ranges in the Bering Sea131and reduce the health of juvenile sockeye salmon, potentially resulting in decreased overwinter survival.132 If ocean warming continues, it is unlikely that current fishing pressure on pollock can be sustained.133 Higher temperatures are also likely to increase the frequency of early Chinook salmon migrations, making management of the fishery by multiple user groups more challenging.134

Storms and cloud spinning off the polar vortices into lower latitudes — the changes in sea surface temperature over vast areas of the Pacific.

The lapse rate (despite the temperature inversions near the surface at night and in the winter polar regions) insures that the radiation of the air absorbed by the surface is slightly less than the radiation of the surface absorbed by the air.

The you could focus on the ocean and avoid the land and polar amplification noise in the surface temperature see that while the NH oceans from 45N to 65N recovered quickly from the early 1900 volcanic activity, the equator and SH lagged that recovery by ~ 20 years.

Also, as far as temperature changes across the year are concerned, in the polar regions right at the surface, the main warming will be in the winter months.

However, in the polar sea ice zones, GISTEMP extrapolates the land surface air temperature anomalies over the oceans to a radial distance of 1,200 km (Hansen et al. 2010).

This is likely caused, in part, by GISS masking sea surface temperature data in the polar oceans and replacing it with land surface air temperature data, which is naturally more volatile.

Omission of successively larger polar regions from the global - mean temperature calculations, in both tropospheric and surface data sets, shows that data gaps at high latitudes can not explain the observed differences between the hiatus and the pre-hiatus period....

Collectively the processes produce 20 to 30 year warmer or cooler regimes of Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature — and abrupt shifts between that may be triggered by UV / ozone chemistry modulation of the polar annular modes.

The last time in Earth history when the global average surface temperature was as warm as the IPCC projects for 2100 in its mid-range scenarios, there was very little polar ice and sea level would have been roughly 70 meters (over 200 feet) higher than at present.

Global temperature compared with the result for integration over the region from 64 ° N to 64 ° S, which covers 90 % of Earth's surface, excluding only polar regions.

The temporal variation of the GHG plus surface albedo climate forcing closely mimics the temporal variation of either the deep ocean temperature (figure 6) or Antarctic temperature [5,31] for the entire 800000 years of polar ice core data.

The Hadley cell and the polar cell are similar in that they are thermally direct; in other words, they exist as a direct consequence of surface temperatures.

As the Earth's surface cools further, cold conditions spread to lower latitudes but polar surface water and the deep ocean can not become much colder, and thus the benthic foraminifera record a temperature change smaller than the global average surface temperature change [43].

The differences between temperature datasets mainly stem from differences in their coverage of the polar regions and from differences in their estimates of sea - surface temperature.

Now, to totally bury your own credibility, you're presenting sea surface temperatures for the global oceans minus the polar oceans and listing the coordinates for the Pacific in your title block.

The topic of discussion is the sea surface temperature anomalies of the Pacific Ocean, since 1994, not the global oceans minus the polar oceans.

In accordance with that proposition the ocean surface temperatures change cyclically and the polar atmospheric oscillations change cyclically.

There is a massive drop in temperatures from the surface of the sea to the underlying depths in the tropics and virtually none in the polar areas, in fact a lot of the polar surface temps are at or below zero.

Satellite and surface temperature measurements of the southern polar area show no warming over the past 37 years.

We note, however, that the polar regions, where recent warming has been greatest, are overrepresented in the 9 % of the Earth's surface for which observed temperature trends are not available.

Norwegian, Canadian, Russian, US and other polar scientists reported that, in the last four years, air temperatures have increased, sea ice has declined sharply, surface waters in the Arctic ocean have warmed and permafrost is in some areas rapidly thawing, releasing methane.