I can think of at least two cases: 1) radiation fog is caused by
the surface radiating away energy and cooling enough to bring the temperature of air lying above it down to the dew point or below; 2) advection fog is caused by warmer (moist) air passing over a cooler surface.
So, the «back radiation» from the greenhouse gas can only heat the surface (at best) to less than
the surface radiating temperature which «warmed» the greenhouse gas.
Excluding the absorbed part from the sky, which maybe you dispute anyway, the emission is hundreds of W / m2, as would be expected for a water
surface radiating almost like a black body.
The temperature gradient combined with the height difference between
the surface radiating to space and the solid ground causes a temperature difference, maintained by the external work done by convection, that keeps the ground warmer than the radiating surface.
Yet the period of rotation — obviously a major factor in explaining the loss of energy by
a surface radiating to space — the Moon and Mercury for example have similar minimum temperatures — does not seem to have any place in this discussion yet it is one of the few real facts about planetary surface temperatures and heating and cooling we have.
Because of greenhouse gases this planetary
surface radiating to space is * not * the solid surface, but a fuzzy layer averaging about 6 km up.
It cools due to some degree due
the surface radiating energy.
Instead of
the surface radiating energy away, the atmosphere would start to be a source of the heat loss for the moon.
80 % of 239W / m ^ 2 incoming solar for 25 % of the day vs a 32F
surface radiating to a -58 F clear sky (which I see regularly at 41 N, 81W).
Do you deny that a non-illuminated
surface radiating into space would (in the absence of warming from above or below) cool to that very low temperature?
Besides, different
surfaces radiate different amounts of heat at infrared wavelengths owing to a material characteristic known as emissivity.
The highly saturated
surfaces radiate with translucent layers of color.
«Sunlight passes through the atmosphere largely unhindered and warms the Earth's surface; the warmed
surface radiates heat and some of this radiation is absorbed in the upper atmosphere and re-emitted, about half of the re-emitted energy returning to the Earth's surface.
To put it another way, while
he surface itself radiates approx as T ^ 4, the almost balancing back radiation also increases as T ^ 4.
Funny thing about water, it ain't land:) about 70 % of
the surface radiates at ~ 425Wm - 2 and has to release 334 Joules per gram to become not water:) The other model, about 30 %, has an average surface that radiates at 307 to 316 Wm - 2.
So if the atmosphere radiated more energy towards the surface would that not mean, according to your pseudoscience, that
the surface radiated less energy to space.
The sea
surface radiates IR like any other black body.
The surface radiates more and more directly to space and its temperature gets determined directly by Stefan - Boltzmann law.
Further assume that the shell's internal and external
surfaces radiate as a black body.
T ^ 4 effect, the hotter
surfaces radiate much more proportionately than do the colder surfaces so basing a radiation budget on some fictional global average temeprature of 288 K is clearly not real.
If you agree with that, if
the surface radiates more energy per second that it receives, do you agree that it should cool?
The warmed
surface radiates as a blackbody, and also loses heat through rising in air currents or evaporated moisture.
The true situation is that without the green house gas
the surface radiates to space which is at 4K while with ghg it radiates to to ghg at a temperature around 200K or higher.
As you are well aware (but some readers may not be) the wavelength
a surface radiates is determined by its temperature.
Warmer
surfaces radiate shorter wavelengths.
The surface radiates according to its temperature.
a)
The surface radiates according to its temperature.
It is through temperature increase that
the surface radiates more.
The surfaces radiate that heat as longwave (LW) energy or sensible heat (heat you can feel).
There is no question that
the surface radiates LWIR.
«what does happen is that the water
surface radiates away at about 400W / m ^ 2, in fact the top few microns will be cooler than the water a mm deeper because the transfer of heat from lower down (conduction, convection, diffusion etc.) is slower than the loss from the surface.»
Obviously that doesn't happen, what does happen is that the water
surface radiates away at about 400W / m ^ 2, in fact the top few microns will be cooler than the water a mm deeper because the transfer of heat from lower down (conduction, convection, diffusion etc.) is slower than the loss from the surface.
The surface radiates ~ 400 Wm2, per the updated K & T diagram.
As to your questions, «Specifically, your earth model claims Absorbed Solar: 144.7 W / m ^ 2, when
the surface radiates 144.7 W / m ^ 2 (224K) the atmosphere is (224K).
Not exact matches
, and work great on both stove top and grill,
radiating heat efficiently across its carbon steel
surface.
The key to developing crispy browned
surfaces on roasted cauliflower is baking in a superhot oven on the lowest rack so the baking sheet is close to the heat
radiating off the bottom of the oven.
Continue to glue the candy canes to the wreath until the entire front
surface is covered with candy canes
radiating outward.
Dark city
surfaces like roofs and roads absorb and
radiate heat, leaving cities up to 3 °C hotter than surrounding areas.
Land
surface temperature measures the heat
radiated by land and vegetation.
As with a pulsar, the hydrogen releases energy as it slams into the
surface, but unlike a pulsar, the hydrogen is more dispersed — so the X-rays released upon impact
radiate outward much more diffusely.
But whereas the sun
radiates more or less evenly across its entire
surface, Betelgeuse has a 12,000 - degree hot spot that occupies about 10 to 20 percent of the star's disk — and baffles astronomers.
The next most abundant gases — water vapor and carbon dioxide — do absorb a portion of the infrared heat
radiated by the earth's
surface, thereby preventing it from reaching space.
In addition, the cold temperatures and the way air is mixed close to the
surface at the poles mean that the
surface has to warm more to
radiate additional heat back to space.
It just so happens that this is the same as the amount of energy now being
radiated from the sun's
surface, even though those photons have taken 100,000 years to work their way from the core to the
surface.
Spitzer was sent so far out because its delicate infrared - sensitive instruments must be kept at a frigid temperature just above absolute zero, and it is easier to maintain that temperature by operating far from the heat that
radiates from the
surface of our planet.
They may act as reflectors, bouncing incoming sunlight back into space, or like blankets, absorbing heat emitted from the
surface and then
radiating it back down.
Not that these clouds escape the fireworks: intense magnetic fields cause the electrically charged
surfaces of some of the clouds to
radiate as they push through the fields, like a dragging car bumper throwing off sparks as it scrapes along the asphalt.
PCI looks at the brain's response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), where a magnetic coil is held up to the
surface of the skull, generating a pulse to stimulate the neurons beneath and provoke a response that
radiates through the brain.
This image shows how seismic waves play out when they reach the
surface: This elevation map depicts the wave height of the tsunami triggered by the Sendai earthquake as it
radiated through the Pacific Ocean.
Surfaces such as asphalt roads and concrete buildings absorb and then
radiate a lot of solar energy, which can leave urban areas 6 to 8 degrees Celsius warmer than rural regions.