Sentences with phrase «surface reaction rate»

Not exact matches

The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼ 0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼ 0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl2) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO3), the other product, remains in the condensed phase.

After extensive testing, the team found that the hydrogen binding energy (the amount of energy released when a hydrogen molecule adheres to a metal surface) was the most important factor predicting the rate of the reaction — information essential to researchers designing new catalyst materials.

But these fuel cells require an electrocatalyst — a platinum surface — to increase the reaction rate, and the cost of the precious metal makes it hard for hydrogen fuel cells to compete economically with the internal combustion engine.

Solvent exchanges on solid surfaces and dissolved ions are a fundamental property important for understanding chemical reactions, but the rates of fast exchanges are poorly constrained.

was finally released, the pound jumped even higher as a knee - jerk reaction because the report looked good on the surface, with the jobless rate for the three months to September unchanged at a record low 4.3 % and the number of people who claimed unemployment benefits increasing only by 1.1 K in October, which is less than the expected 2.9 K increase.

And when the U.K.'s latest jobs report was finally released, the pound jumped even higher as a knee - jerk reaction because the report looked good on the surface, with the jobless rate for the three months to September unchanged at a record low 4.3 % and the number of people who claimed unemployment benefits increasing only by 1.1 K in October, which is less than the expected 2.9 K increase.

Think on atmospheric chemistry, individual rates for the reactions of nitrogen oxides and oxy - radicals can dependent on concentration, atmospheric pressure, temperature, light flux, liquid water levels, silicate surface (from dust) and «unknown unknowns *».

Additional output from the ACCMIP runs will include concentration / mass of radiatively active species, aerosol optical properties, and radiative forcings (clear and all sky) as well as important parameters that do not directly influence climate such as hydroxyl, chemical reaction rates, deposition rates, emission rates, surface pollutants and diagnostics of tracer transport.