Sentences with phrase «surface temperatures of the water»

At Crater Lake, annual snowfall has decreased each decade since the 1950s, and the surface temperature of the water has increased by 6 degrees Fahrenheit.

Not exact matches

That's not to say that water is not abundant there - but it's so cold on Titan (with a surface temperature of -180 ℃) that water behaves like rock and sand.

It is producing a «Submaran»: an unmanned device that can float on the surface of the ocean and also drive 200 meters under the water to monitor pipelines, currents, temperature or whatever a customer might want.

Calculations indicate that in several ways it is quite an Earth - like planet: its radius is 1.2 to 2.5 times that of Earth; its mass is 3.1 to 4.3 times greater; and, crucially, its orbit lies within its star's «Goldilocks zone», which means its surface temperature is neither too hot nor too cold for liquid water - and therefore potentially life - to exist on its surface.

It is a multifunctional thermometer which can detect the temperature of water, surface, body and air temperature.

• clean and sterilise all feeding parts before each use • do not use abrasive cleaning agents or anti-bacterial cleaners with bottles and teats • wash your hands thoroughly and ensure surfaces are clean before handling sterilised components • for inspection of the teat, pull it in each direction • place the teat in boiling water for 5 minutes before first use to ensure hygiene • throw away bottle and teats at the first sight of damage, weakness or scratching • replace teats and spouts after 3 months use • do not warm milk in a microwave as this may cause uneven heating and could scald your baby • always check the milk temperature before feeding • make sure that the bottles are not over-tightened • do not allow your baby to play with small parts or run or walk while feeding

In Martian summer, the combination of warm temperatures and a thin atmosphere make any liquid water on the surface boil, which can let dust hover across the ground

Modifying the vegetation cover alters the surface properties — such as the amount of heat dissipated by water evaporation and the level of radiation reflected back into space — which has a knock - on effect on local surface temperature.

The drones can't come too soon for scientists who study the El Niño — Southern Oscillation, a set of shifting global temperature and rainfall patterns triggered by warm surface waters that slosh back and forth across the equatorial Pacific every few years.

Cooler night temperatures also allow the scanner to stay cool and minimize the evaporation of water from the surface during the scanning procedure.

Higher sea surface temperatures led to a huge patch of warm water, dubbed «The Blob,» that appeared in the northern Pacific Ocean more than two years ago.

For this particular research, the scientists tested samples of common salt — sodium chloride — along with mixtures of salt and water, in their vacuum chamber at Europa's chilly surface temperature of minus 280 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 173 Celsius).

The rising temperatures cause layers of ocean water to stratify so the more oxygen - rich surface waters are less able to mix with oxygen - poor waters from the deeper ocean.

Current methods can estimate the size and temperature of an exoplanet planet in order to determine whether liquid water could exist on the planet's surface, believed to be one of the criteria for a planet hosting the right conditions for life.

ne = the number of habitable planets around each star In days gone by, scientists would speak solemnly about our solar system's «habitable zone» — a theoretical region extending from Venus to Mars, but perhaps not encompassing either, where a planet would be the right temperature to have liquid water on its surface.

What's more, one of the planets is in the stars» habitable zone, the region around the suns where temperatures are just right for liquid water — and therefore maybe life — to exist on a planet's surface.

The satellites provide information about water surface temperatures, which are key to the spread of this waterborne disease.

NOAA's Coral Reef Watch uses satellite observations of sea surface temperatures and modeling to monitor and forecast when water temperatures rise enough to cause bleaching.

If the planet is only one Earth mass, Jenkins says, any life there might be near its end; the world would be on the verge of a runaway greenhouse effect, with gravity too weak to prevent its life - giving water from boiling off into space due to rising surface temperatures.

So this effect could either be the result of natural variability in Earth's climate, or yet another effect of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases like water vapor trapping more heat and thus warming sea - surface temperatures.

«We found that there was a surface temperature impact due to changes in water vapor in a fairly narrow region of the stratosphere,» explains research meteorologist Karen Rosenlof of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Aeronomy Laboratory, one of the authors of the study.

This reduces the rate of water evaporation, raises the surface temperature of the meat, and consequently speeds up cooking.

The ice algae seem to be one of the major players in this scheme — even the slight increase of the atmospheric temperature and liquid water production seems to promote algae colonization across the ice surface.

A rather straightforward calculation showed that doubling the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere... which would arrive in the late 21st century if no steps were taken to curb emissions... should raise the temperature of the surface roughly one degree C. However, a warmer atmosphere would hold more water vapor, which ought to cause another degree or so of warming.

Their results suggest a drop of as much as 10 degrees for fresh water during the warm season and 6 degrees for the atmosphere in the North Atlantic, giving further evidence that the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide and Earth's surface temperature are inextricably linked.

The plan is to drop sensors into the surrounding ocean to measure water temperatures, then skim the ice for signs of changes in surface height.

The temperature of the latter was found to have increased by up to 4 °C above the temperature of the water while it twisted and turned at the surface for about ten hours at a time.

For decades, thinking about the best way to search for extraterrestrials has centered on a «Goldilocks» zone where temperatures are «just right» for liquid water, a key ingredient for life, to wet the surface of an Earth doppelgänger.

As of March 2013, surface waters of the tropical north Atlantic Ocean remained warmer than average, while Pacific Ocean temperatures declined from a peak in late fall.

«The predicted changes in surface water temperatures will affect the thermal characteristics of the lakes,» said Dokulil.

Prospects for Venusian life have been dismissed because of harsh conditions on the planet's surface: there is no water, temperatures reach 477 °C and the atmospheric pressure is 92 times that on Earth's surface.

But a reduction in the number and intensity of large hurricanes driving ocean waters on shore — such as this month's Hurricane Joaquin, seen, which reached category 4 strength — may also play a role by cooling sea - surface temperatures that fuel the growth of these monster storms, the team notes.

(Water is as hard as granite at Pluto's surface temperature of minus 390 degrees Fahrenheit.)

Matula says this sudden illumination happens because during the first bout of sonoluminescence, temperatures in the bubble, which can be as high as several hundred thousand degrees — hotter than the sun's surface — do something to nitrogen and oxygen to make them form compounds such as nitrous oxide that dissolve in the surrounding water.

The wind keeps a layer of warm water near the surface in Indonesia, reducing the temperature difference across the Indian Ocean and so minimising the strength of positive IOD events.

Experiments carried out in the OU Mars Simulation Chamber — specialised equipment, which is able to simulate the atmospheric conditions on Mars — reveal that Mars» thin atmosphere (about 7 mbar — compared to 1,000 mbar on Earth) combined with periods of relatively warm surface temperatures causes water flowing on the surface to violently boil.

The water temperature variations typical of El Niño are not only at the surface of the equatorial Pacific, but below the surface as well.

With an average surface temperature of -55 ° Celsius, water itself can not exist as a liquid on Mars, but concentrated solutions of perchlorate could survive these low temperatures.»

Water takes a lot of energy to heat, and our oceans are very deep, so sunlight only raises the temperature near the surface.

Thus, he concludes, a large fraction of extrasolar planets «will be the right size to keep on their surface water and possibly an atmosphere of some sort» and some will be «at the proper distance from their parent sun to maintain a suitable temperature».

The movement of water in the ocean is determined by many factors including tides; winds; surface waves; internal waves, those that propagate within the layers of the ocean; and differences in temperature, salinity or sea level height.

«For various periods over the last 60 years, we have been able to combine important processes: atmospheric variability, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, water and air temperatures, the occurrence of fresh surface water, and the duration of convection,» explains Dr. Marilena Oltmanns from GEOMAR, lead author of the study.

El Niño has helped to boost temperatures this year, as it leads to warmer ocean waters in the tropical Pacific, as well as warmer surface temperatures in many other spots around the globe, including much of the northern half of the U.S..

Water that collects in valleys underneath the ice sheet, in the Gamburtsev Mountains, refreezes when it passes under thinner parts of the ice sheet that are less insulated from cool surface temperatures.

New research shows how a layer of water on the surface of ice — even at temperatures well below freezing — can influence everything from the slipperiness of a skating rink to the electrification of thunderclouds

Invasive species are entering the region with or without shipping, says Ted Scambos of the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Colorado; warming of the Arctic Ocean's surface temperatures has already increased mixing with foreign waters and all the microbes they contain.

Four of these new planets are less than 2.5 times the size of Earth and orbit in their sun's habitable zone, defined as the range of distance from a star where the surface temperature of an orbiting planet may be suitable for life - giving liquid water.

Although surface water played an important role in the generation of both Icelandic and Hadean crystals, in the Icelandic case the water was extremely hot when it interacted with the source rocks while the Hadean water - rock interactions were at significantly lower temperatures.

The study marks the first time that human influence on the climate has been demonstrated in the water cycle, and outside the bounds of typical physical responses such as warming deep ocean and sea surface temperatures or diminishing sea ice and snow cover extent.

The patterns of occupancy were not necessarily surprising to researchers, but did verify that water depth, temperature and amount of surface water were significant predictors for a pool's suitability for Yosemite toad use.