Sentences with phrase «surface volcanism»

While the Earth loses most of its heat through plate recycling (the formation and subduction of new crust inherent in plate tectonics), Venus probably loses its internal heat by surface volcanism and by conduction through its crust.

This is a conceptual model summarizing the evolution of the major structures on Aluto volcano and their controls on surface volcanism, geothermal fluids, and degassing.

Not exact matches

Peering through the clouds in infrared «windows» — wavelengths that penetrate the murk — Venus Express also saw surface hot spots that change in temperature from day to day, suggesting active volcanism.

In geology, a hotspot is a location on the Earth's surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time.

And Suzanne Smrekar, VEXAG co-chair and a scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., wants to follow up on a 2010 finding in which she and her colleagues used Venus Express data to identify hot spots on the planet's surface — evidence for volcanism within the past few million years.

The researchers» model of early Earth is extremely simplified, he adds: Temperatures in Earth's interior were much hotter billions of years ago and the planet was geologically more «active,» with more volcanism at the surface and more churning in the mantle.

Earth's oceans would disappear due to this process, if it weren't for water returning to the surface via volcanism (mainly at mid-ocean ridges).

Indeed, a study in 2006 suggested that Mars may have gone through an acidic phase, triggered by active volcanism, after an early period in which it had a denser atmosphere and large bodies of neutral - pH water on its surface.

That date coincides with the Siberian flood volcanism — a continent - size flow of lava pouring out on Earth's surface from below its crust.

«It is now clear that we first need to understand the dynamics of the deepest «Underworld», right above the core, to unravel the history of volcanism at Earth's surface,» said Professor Müller.

Another idea is that, for reasons yet unexplained, there is simply a thinner layer of continental crust shielding the surface from volcanism that runs through the North American continent from roughly New Madrid in Missouri to the coast in Virginia.

Not a single impact crater is to be seen in this region, so the surface must be very young — reshaped by some sort of geological activity such as faulting or icy volcanism.

A hotter core, thinner crust, more volcanism — wouldn't those factors in addition to atmospheric influences affect surface temperature?

A greater knowledge about the interior will also help geologists like Christensen to understand surface effects such as volcanism.

Over the next few billion years, Taylor says, Venus's volcanism will subside, and the planet will begin to lose much of its heavy atmosphere, leading to a lower surface temperature more like that of Earth.

De Kleer thinks understanding how magma is exposed on Loki Patera's surface can offer insight into volcanism on planets and moons that are different from Earth.

«By comparing the measured craters to the number and spatial distribution of large impact basins on Mercury, we found that they started to accumulate at about the same time, suggesting that the resetting of Mercury's surface was global and likely due to volcanism,» said lead author Dr. Simone Marchi, who has a joint appointment between two of NASA's Lunar Science Institutes, one at the SwRI in Boulder and another at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston.

The new extension will provide, among other objectives, an improved understanding of how Venus» climate works, and scientists will continue the search for suspected active volcanism on the surface.

NASA's Galileo mission detected both carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide, a possible sign of volcanism, leaking from certain areas on Europa's surface (Kathleen M. Wong, New Scientist, December 14, 2007).

«It is like volcanism in that hot material from the interior is «spat out» to the surface,» Küppers said — much like a geyser.

The oldest surface features seem to be about 800 million years old, but extensive volcanism about 300 to 500 million years ago appears to have wiped out earlier surfaces including large craters from the planet's early history.

The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition (the concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane); changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles (and possibly the Sun's orbit around the galaxy); the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the Earth's surface, which could affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth - Moon system; and the impact of relatively large meteorites, and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.

Considering that ferropericlase is much less viscous, or resistant to flowing, hot, yet solid, mantle rock would flow more easily, possibly having profound effects on volcanism and tectonics at the planetary surface, processes which have a significant impact on the habitability of Earth.

This process is accompanied by surface manifestations along the rift valley in the form of volcanism and seismic activity.

Martian lava tubes are natural sub-surface lava tube caverns on Mars that are believed to form as a result of fast - moving, basaltic lava flows associated with shield volcanism Lava tubes usually form when the external surface of the lava channels cools more quickly and forms a...

Since there is active volcanism near the surface, the Icelanders can tap that free heat to boil water and power steam engines.

Core convection produces Earth's magnetic field, which may influence surface conditions, and mantle convection causes volcanism, seafloor generation, and mountain building.

Isostatic rebound in response to glacier retreat (unloading), increase in local salinity (i.e., δ18Osw), have been attributed to increased volcanic activity at the onset of Bølling — Allerød, are associated with the interval of intense volcanic activity, hinting at a interaction between climate and volcanism - enhanced short - term melting of glaciers, possibly via albedo changes from particle fallout on glacier surfaces.

The paper by Tolstoy requires serious scrutiny because it suggests «pulses» of undersea volcanism may affect ocean chemistry and, thus, ocean surface layer pH.

I don't care about whether runaway greenhouse warming or volcanism or a celestial impact was what caused the atmosphere to become so dominated by CO2, only that CO2is keeping Venus» surface hot.

Water that travels past under - sea volcanism will dissolve sulphur ions which reduce its pH. This low pH water will reach the ocean surface centuries later and thus will reduce the pH of the surface layer with resulting increase to atmospheric CO2 concentration.

Climate simulations using single and cumulative forcings suggest that the ocean surface cooling trend from 801 to 1800 ce is not primarily a response to orbital forcing but arises from a high frequency of explosive volcanism.

The last major period of non-induction zone volcanic excitation was around 3 my and in some cases laster until relatively recently (eastern California and Northern Arizona) 85 % of volcanism takes place under the ocean surface and remains hidden from view.

«The surface of Venus is dominated by volcanism and has produced more volcanoes than any other planet in the solar system.»