Sentences with phrase «surface water oceans»

Distinguishing habitable worlds like Earth (i.e., those with surface water oceans) from greenhouse planets like Venus, or barren worlds like Mars, requires understanding a planet's atmosphere.

Not exact matches

It is producing a «Submaran»: an unmanned device that can float on the surface of the ocean and also drive 200 meters under the water to monitor pipelines, currents, temperature or whatever a customer might want.

Tiangong - 1 is likely to crash over the ocean, as water covers about 71 % of Earth's surface.

The scene was much different about 4.5 billion years ago, though: Water covered about 20 % of the planet's surface, and 400 - foot - tall megatsunamis raced across ancient oceans.

El Niño is an abnormal periodic warming of surface ocean water off the Pacific coast of South America.

The Atlantic Ocean surface circulation is an important part of the Earth's global climate, moving warm water from the tropics towards the poles.

Evaporation from the ocean waters can also lower the density of the air close to the surface to the point that it can not mix with the air layer above it.

Dispersants have been applied to oil slicks on the ocean surface for half a century to break petroleum into smaller droplets that dissipate into waters of the open ocean so that less oil reaches ecologically sensitive coastlines.

Most of us view the continents and oceans as discrete entities of land and water across Earth's surface.

Groundwater that seeps into the coastal zone beneath the ocean's surface — termed submarine groundwater discharge (SGD)-- is an important source of fresh water and nutrients to nearshore coral reefs throughout the globe.

In the process, they might identify a planet's surface features — such as oceans, continents, ice caps and even cloudbanks — and detect the presence of biomarkers like oxygen, methane and water.

Rich wildlife at this Southern Ocean island faces surface waters 1.8 degrees F warmer in winter and 4.1 degrees F warmer in summer than they were 80 years ago

Findings include a discovery that surface waters in the open Arctic Ocean release heat - trapping methane gas into the atmosphere at a «significant» rate

A new study in Marine Biology Research tackles this issue by comparing the physical characteristics of two similar octopus species that live on the ocean floor, as deep as 9,500 feet (almost 2,900 m) below the water's surface.

Shallow coral reefs from the water's surface to 30 - 40 metres depth are the tip of the iceberg that comprises the ocean's extensive coral ecosystem.

The shrimp represent centimeter - sized swimmers, including krill and shrimplike copepods, found throughout the world's oceans that may together be capable of mixing ocean layers — and delivering nutrient - rich deep waters to phytoplankton, or microscopic marine plants, near the surface, the researchers suggest.

The cycle of Pacific Ocean surface water warming and cooling has become more variable in recent decades, suggesting El Niño may strengthen under climate change

They identified wind patterns that mixed the warmer surface and colder deep waters to cool the ocean's surface and reduce the intensity of the storm.

And around Antarctica, where even the surface ocean water is already quite cold and dense, some of that water in the ocean depths, which is also carbon rich, eventually warmed enough so that it became less dense than the water above it.

«The most basic change was from very limited phosphorus availability to much higher phosphorus availability in surface waters of the ocean,» Reinhard said.

Higher sea surface temperatures led to a huge patch of warm water, dubbed «The Blob,» that appeared in the northern Pacific Ocean more than two years ago.

But research published yesterday in the journal Nature rebuts this idea, suggesting that it was changes in ocean circulation, not winds, that predominantly led the deep water to surface near Antarctica and exhale carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

«The pore spaces, or tiny holes, in the rock remain filled with these ancient oceans, so when we drill wells today that water is produced to the surface,» Tinker says.

As these winds enhance ocean circulation, they may be encouraging carbon - rich waters to rise from the deep, say the team, meaning that surface water is less able to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.

This includes places like parts of the eastern Pacific Ocean where small animals like nematodes and specially adapted fish live on the fringes of habitability, subsisting in waters where oxygen concentrations can be only about 1 % of normal surface water levels.

Although no one can say for certain whether the subsurface ocean supplies the water that has been seen spraying out of the tiger stripes on Enceladus's surface, the scientists say that it is possible.

Scientists have long used ocean color remote sensing to measure these particles in surface waters, and now, they will be able to reliably calculate concentrations of these particles through the water column.

Because Charon's modern - day surface is mostly water ice, it makes sense that the 1212 - km - diameter moon once had a subsurface ocean kept liquid by heat from the radioactive decay of elements in its core, as well as by the heat generated from collisions of smaller bits when the moon first accumulated.

Studies of hydrogen molecules in the Venusian atmosphere by NASA's Pioneer - Venus probe indicate that the planet once had liquid water on its surface, perhaps even expansive oceans.

Today, depending on the area, typical surface ocean waters consist of between 5.4 and 8 milliliters of dissolved oxygen for every liter of seawater.

Those sites gave her the chance to gather fossils from many different depths in the ancient ocean, from the more oxygen - rich surface waters to deeper zones.

During El Niño events, warmer surface water in the east Pacific Ocean changes the world's weather.

«So if I have this depression at the south pole, and I have beneath the surface 50 kilometers down a layer of water or an ocean, that layer of water at depth is a positive mass anomaly.

Driven by stronger winds resulting from climate change, ocean waters in the Southern Ocean are mixing more powerfully, so that relatively warm deep water rises to the surface and eats away at the underside of theocean waters in the Southern Ocean are mixing more powerfully, so that relatively warm deep water rises to the surface and eats away at the underside of theOcean are mixing more powerfully, so that relatively warm deep water rises to the surface and eats away at the underside of the ice.

Under the icy surface of Saturn's moon Enceladus, a liquid ocean launches water plumes through the cracks.

Kadri says the results may help scientists connect interactions between not only surface and deep ocean waters, but also with the atmospheric forces that affect surface waves.

The rising temperatures cause layers of ocean water to stratify so the more oxygen - rich surface waters are less able to mix with oxygen - poor waters from the deeper ocean.

The simulations suggest that over decades, these warming events dramatically perturb the ocean surface, affecting the flow of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a system of currents that acts like a conveyor belt moving water around the planet.

Its dark surface (Ceres reflects just one - fourth as much light as Vesta) indicates a water - rich interior; some researchers even speculate that it could have a mile - deep ocean under a frozen surface.

The fog is a gift of the Pacific Ocean's California Current where winds create upwellings that bring cold, deep, nutrient - rich waters to the surface.

Sea spray droplets are aerosol water particles that are ejected into the atmosphere as waves break at the ocean surface.

The more heat in the Pacific, the bigger the El Niño, and right now, 150 metres below the surface, a ball of warm water is crossing that ocean.

They reported this finding in July after analyzing 50 - plus years of data on light penetration of the ocean surface and plankton abundance in water samples.

In 2005, NASA's Cassini spacecraft spied jets of water ice and vapor erupting into space from fissures on Enceladus, evidence of a salty ocean beneath the saturnian moon's placid icy surface.

Ocean water sops up the red so effectively that 100 feet below the sea surface only the bluish components of sunlight penetrate; a sunken ship's crimson lower keel appears black to divers since nothing can look red in the absence of red light.

Although its surface is an airless landscape of cracked ice, all the evidence says that beneath that bleak shell is a liquid water ocean stretching hundreds of kilometres down to the rocky mantle below.

That ocean water then pushes against fresh water already in the ground, causing the fresh water to rise closer to the surface and farther up the drainage wells.

They found that adding five years of strong trade winds created powerful ocean currents that buried the warm surface water, bringing cooler water to the surface.

These snailfish live almost five miles beneath the ocean surface, in pitch - black waters and under immense pressure.

Earth's oceans would disappear due to this process, if it weren't for water returning to the surface via volcanism (mainly at mid-ocean ridges).