Sentences with phrase «surface water reservoirs»

A short list of the areas where development is prohibited includes: areas adjacent to ground and surface water reservoirs and tributaries; mature forests; wildlife habitat; connecting zones; areas containing gravel, sand or limestone; and — just in case anything was missed by that wide net — areas where agricultural land predominates.

Its plan calls for stopping the diversion of water by filling in more than 500 miles of canals and levees, creating new surface water reservoirs, and drilling more than 300 wells to store billions of gallons of fresh water in an underground aquifer.

In the dry season, surface water reservoirs are at the same level as the aquifer that feeds them: altitude measurements of the surface water then made possible direct observations of the height of the groundwater.

«Additionally, mines may become larger, deeper, and more extensive, surface water reservoir impoundments more common, and buildings on larger scales could be built to meet a growing world population and resource demand,» he said.

More than 109 cubic km (26 cubic miles) of groundwater disappeared between 2002 and 2008 — double the capacity of India's largest surface water reservoir, the Upper Wainganga, and triple that of Lake Mead, the largest man - made reservoir in the United States...

Not exact matches

SAGD involves removing bitumen (a thick form of crude oil) from the ground by injecting steam into an oil sands reservoir and pumping the oil and water mixture to the surface.

Why do bubbles appear on the surface of water in our clay reservoirs?

«So whether it's not groundwater or surface water, the Tomhannaok reservoir, we're asking them to explain to us how those supplies would be tapped into,» said Seggos.

The meteorite is made of volcanic rock, and the presence of water in it suggests that crustal rocks on Mars interacted with surface water that was delivered by volcanic activity, near - surface reservoirs or by impacting comets, Agee says.

University of Utah scientists have mapped the near - surface geology around Old Faithful, revealing the reservoir of heated water that feeds the geyser's surface vent and how the ground shaking behaves in between eruptions.

But even as the drought began and then worsened, with surface water vanishing, the West dug in and doubled down — replacing dwindling reservoirs with new water pumped from underground.

It has long been understood that earthquakes can be induced by impoundment of water in reservoirs, surface and underground mining, withdrawal of fluids and gas from the subsurface, and injection of fluids into underground formations.

Volatile - rich salty water could have been brought close to Ceres» surface through fractures that connected to the briny reservoir beneath Occator.

This could indicate a reservoir of water, also related to a large sea beneath the surface.

«While cold traps may provide surface deposits of water ice as have been seen at the moon and Mercury, Ceres may have been formed with a relatively greater reservoir of water,» said Chris Russell, principal investigator of the Dawn mission, based at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Lakes may form when meteorite impacts heat ice in the crust or when underground reservoirs of water kept liquid by geothermal heat leak onto the surface.

It will carry Italian radar to probe far beneath that surface for possible hidden reservoirs of water.

Other research has found that sea ice is a natural reservoir of iron, which is captured by ice crystals as they form in deeper water and float to the surface.

«It's sort of like surface reservoirs — you're storing water, but you don't have to build a dam, you don't have to destroy another river, and you don't have to worry about evaporative losses.»

The presence of liquid water on the surface is what makes our «blue planet» habitable, and scientists have long been trying to figure out just how much water may be cycling between Earth's surface and interior reservoirs through plate tectonics.

Methane on Titan plays the role of water on Earth, complete with liquid surface reservoirs, clouds and rain — a full - fledged methalogical cycle.

And regions that depend primarily on surface water irrigation (rivers, lakes, reservoirs) will be more vulnerable to drought as the impacts of irrigation on water supply are most significant during times with low water flow.

As this water moves through rocks, it dissolves salt compounds and pushes through fractures in the overlying ice to form reservoirs closer the moon's surface, where it is expelled into space when the outermost layer of the crust cracks open and the resulting depressurization of these reservoirs causes water vapor and ice particles to shoot out in the observed plumes.

The oceans are not a single reservoir for CO2, but a combination of near surface waters and deeper layers.

A true conveyor would have reservoirs being produced from surface water and then being stored and then brought back to the surface at some time... etc..)

The Water in the West initiative at Stanford University has produced an invaluable package of analysis, graphics and recommendations on groundwater management, concluding that groundwater recharge — moving water from the surface into the state's natural subterranean aquifers — is far cheaper than other alternatives that are currently being developed, like added dams and surface reservoirs or desalination plWater in the West initiative at Stanford University has produced an invaluable package of analysis, graphics and recommendations on groundwater management, concluding that groundwater recharge — moving water from the surface into the state's natural subterranean aquifers — is far cheaper than other alternatives that are currently being developed, like added dams and surface reservoirs or desalination plwater from the surface into the state's natural subterranean aquifers — is far cheaper than other alternatives that are currently being developed, like added dams and surface reservoirs or desalination plants:

IF cool deep sea water were mixed relentlessly with surface water by some engineering method --(e.g. lots of wave operated pumps and 800m pipes) could that enouromous cool reservoir of water a) mitigate the thermal expansion of the oceans because of the differential in thermal expansion of cold and warm water, and b) cool the atmosphere enough to reduce the other wise expected effects of global warming?

No surface water lakes or reservoirs are available for this critical generation need.

Developers drill wells to reach porous and permeable rock containing reservoirs of hot water or steam that is then brought to the surface to drive a turbine and generate electricity.

That storage can be in a surface reservoir, groundwater basin, water bank, or water conservation credits along the Colorado River system, or in carry - over water from the prior year.

This methane can be emitted to the atmosphere in several ways: either as bubbles or by diffusion through the surface of the reservoir itself, or it can be emitted as the water is drawn from deep in the reservoir to pass through the turbines or spillways.

Sixteen years ago, the first global review of reservoir GHG emissions highlighted the potential significance of reservoir surfaces as GHG sources and postulated that factors such as age, water temperature, and organic carbon inputs could regulate fluxes (St. Louis et al. 2000).

But these large reservoirs of heat warm the air over them, that warm air and water vapor is then transported over land, which adds to surface temps.

When CH4, CO2, and N2O emissions are combined, our synthesis suggests that reservoir water surfaces contribute 0.8 Pg CO2 equivalents per year over a 100 - year time span (fifth and ninety - fifth confidence interval: 0.5 — 1.2 Pg CO2 equivalents per year), or approximately 1.5 % of the global anthropogenic CO2 - equivalent emissions from CO2, CH4, and N2O reported by the IPCC (table 1; Ciais et al. 2013) and 1.3 % of global anthropogenic CO2 - equivalent emissions from well mixed GHGs overall (Myhre et al. 2013).

In particular, we explore the hypothesis that nutrient loading and the resulting increase in primary production stimulates GHG emissions from reservoir water surfaces, primarily via enhanced CH4 production.

These characteristics included morphometric, geographic, and historical properties of study reservoirs (i.e., depth, residence time, volume, surface area, age, and latitude), biologically significant water column solute concentrations (i.e., NO3 — , total phosphorus, and dissolved organic carbon), and metrics of ecosystem primary productivity (i.e., trophic status and mean or modeled surface water chlorophyll a concentrations; see the supplemental materials for a complete list of the tested variables).

Direct use and district heating systems use hot water from springs or reservoirs located near the surface of the earth.

We estimate that GHG emissions from reservoir water surfaces account for 0.8 (0.5 — 1.2) Pg CO2 equivalents per year, with the majority of this forcing due to CH4.

http://www.pnas.org/content/106/43/18045.full About a decade ago, Canfield (1) offered a very different possibility — that ventilation of the deep ocean lagged behind the GOE by more than a billion years, resulting in a vast, deep reservoir of hydrogen sulfide, but long - held presumptions about photosynthetic life in the surface waters remained untouched.

Chlorophyll a and air temperature were significant predictors of CH4 emissions from reservoir water surfaces regardless of flux type (i.e., diffusive only, ebullitive only, diffusive + ebullitive; supplemental tables S4 and S5).

This highlights how crucial it is to measure both types of CH4 emission in order to estimate the total flux from reservoir surface waters.

Although this synthesis focuses on GHG emissions from reservoir water surfaces, we also describe and discuss several important alternative pathways that can contribute significantly to reservoir GHG budgets (figure 1, supplemental table S1).

Here, we report mean areal (per unit surface area) CH4 fluxes from reservoir water surfaces that are approximately 25 % larger than previous estimates (120.4 mg CH4 - C per m2 per day, SD = 286.6), CO2 flux estimates that are approximately 30 % smaller than previous estimates (329.7 mg CO2 - C per m2 per day, SD = 447.7), and the first - ever global mean estimate of reservoir N2O fluxes (0.30 mg N2O - N per m2 per day, SD = 0.9; table 1).

Decreased snowpack has brought less water into reservoirs (such as Lake Oroville, pictured, in Northern California), while increased temperatures have led to greater evaporation of surface water.

Groundwater supplies between 30 and 50 percent of California's water supply, depending on precipitation, and represents a storage reservoir that is over three times greater than available surface water storage.

The marine biota also redistribute carbon: marine organisms grow organic tissue and calcareous shells in surface waters, which, after their death, sink to deeper waters, where they are returned to the dissolved inorganic carbon reservoir by dissolution and microbial decomposition.

Land subsidence, a phenomenon in which the land surface sinks, is sometimes caused by the removal of water from geothermal reservoirs.

It's quite simply additional cold water from that vast reservoir of coldness getting to the surface.

to be used for drinking water Less evaporation from the storage reservoir Little loss of land No damage due to dam failure Pollutants such as mosquitoes and snails can not exist in the reservoirs Siltation does not create any problems Less vulnerable / below the ground surface in a shallow soil toward the impervious crystalline sub soil.

This forcing has a particularly strong and direct impact on the surface energy cycle, but interacts with many aspects of the surface and column - integrated water and energy cycles through dynamical convergence, leading to large diurnal fluctuations in the atmospheric reservoir of water vapor and total dry energy.