Sentences with phrase «surface waters amounts»

Not exact matches

The agency downplayed the impact of the withdrawal, saying it would amount to only a 0.07 percent increase in total surface water withdrawal from Lake Michigan.

Because of its high amount of surface water, it was ideal for loi, irrigated fields for farming the starchy vegetable taro, a staple crop, she said.

Producers have to heat up prodigious amounts of water to melt the stuff and get it to flow toward the surface.

-- Drinking water fountain spigots had the highest amount of bacteria on the tested surfaces — 2.7 million bacterial cells per square inch.

«The short - term solution to water scarcity has been to extract ever greater amounts of water from our surface and groundwater assets.

Modifying the vegetation cover alters the surface properties — such as the amount of heat dissipated by water evaporation and the level of radiation reflected back into space — which has a knock - on effect on local surface temperature.

Although this amount of depletion has little impact on mobile marine life, scientists worry about anoxic effects down deep, where mixing with oxygen - rich surface waters is minimal.

The density of the mammoth main - belt asteroid Ceres suggests it contains a large amount of water ice, but no clear - cut sign of ice has been found on its surface.

Today the small amount of water detected on the planet is locked in the polar ice caps, but recently discovered geological features suggest liquid water once flowed on its surface.

All they know is that the planet receives the right amount of solar energy to conceivably have liquid water on its surface.

«Because of the frequent shortages of surface water, California has to resort to pumping out water from the ground, but that's not sustainable because there isn't enough rain to replenish the amount we're taking out.

Eventually, sometime about 2.5 billion years ago, the weight of the sediments caused the lake's icy ceiling to collapse, sending immense amounts of water to the surface, the researchers propose online this month in Icarus.

According to recent calculations, the upper limit on the present amount of water on the Martian surface is 800,000 to 1.2 million cubic miles, or about 1.5 times the amount of ice covering Greenland.

Research begun at Princeton University found that the numerous small sea animals that migrate from the surface to deeper water every day consume vast amounts of what little oxygen is available in the ocean's aptly named «oxygen minimum zone» daily.

The amount of water is probably small — about an eyedropperful for every two liters» worth of lunar surface material — but finding any moisture at all is a major surprise.

Trace amounts of water drawn from the air drove the reactions on the surface of the gold catalysts, he said.

The map shows the fractional amount of surface water that is likely to enter the hyporheic zone, where it can undergo filtration.

However, central surface waters of the oceans may not be the final destination of plastic debris since, as indicated by the study performed by the Malaspina Expedition, large amounts of microplastics could be passing to the marine food chain and the ocean floor.

Schulz and his colleagues suspect that an atmospheric low tide releases a tiny amount of pressure on the air and water in the soil at the surface.

«The sources of this liquid water will require more observational studies; however, the research shows that the effects of relatively small amounts of water on Mars in forming features on the surface may have been widely underestimated.

This means that, in comparison to Planet Earth, relatively small amounts of liquid water moving across Mars» surface could form the large dune flows, gullies and other features, which characterise the Red Planet.

The astronomers say that this means the planets could have retained «substantial» amounts of water on their surfaces.

Salinity of the surface waters can be influenced by the amount of river water flowing into the oceans, yet no computer models of ancient ocean circulation had included this variable.

The researchers designed the electrodes at the nanoscale — thousands of times thinner than the thickness of a human hair — to ensure the greatest surface area would be exposed to water, which increases the amount of hydrogen the device can produce and also stores more charge in the supercapacitor.

Winter snows in the Chuska Mountains would have produced a significant amount of spring snowmelt that was combined with surface water features like natural «wash systems,» said Benson.

What is new, experts said, is the idea that water at the ice sheet's base refreezes in huge amounts that can reshape the surface of the ice sheet.

Slower, less energetic ones indicate the amount of hydrogen lurking within a meter of the surface, and on the moon, hydrogen is a proxy for water.

And it increases the amount of light reaching Arctic surface waters, spurring the growth of phytoplankton, tiny organisms that form the base of the Arctic ocean food chain.

At the American Geophysical Union (AGU) meeting on Dec. 17, they report the discovery of a previously unknown geochemical pathway by which Earth can sequester water in its interior for billions of years and still release small amounts to the surface via plate tectonics, feeding our oceans from within.

An international team of researchers analyzed the available data taken from all previous studies of the Southern Ocean, together with satellite images taken of the area, to quantify the amount of iron supplied to the surface waters of the Southern Ocean.

The patterns of occupancy were not necessarily surprising to researchers, but did verify that water depth, temperature and amount of surface water were significant predictors for a pool's suitability for Yosemite toad use.

If this scenario is accurate, Earth may today hold half as much water in its depths as is currently flowing in oceans on the surface, Panero said — an amount that would approximately equal the volume of the Pacific Ocean.

In their new study, the ETH researchers in the group headed by Sonia Seneviratne's, professor for land - climate dynamics, take into account the specific climatic properties of land surfaces, where the amount of available water is limited when compared with the ocean.

It seems we have either misunderstood what its early years were like — or vast amounts of water are hiding beneath its surface.

A new study led by Northern Illinois University geography professor Wei Luo calculates the amount of water needed to carve the ancient network of valleys on Mars and concludes the Red Planet's surface was once much more watery than previously thought.

But in many instances, the simulations show, even planets starting with rocky cores as little as 1.5 Earth's mass may trap and hold atmospheres containing between 100 and 1000 times the amount of hydrogen found in the water in Earth's oceans — thick, dense envelopes exerting pressures so hellish that life on the planets» surfaces might be almost impossible.

The research shows that volcanic eruptions beneath a glacial ice sheet would have created substantial amounts of liquid water on Mars's surface around 210 million years ago.

The browning of the forest canopy is consistent with observed decreases in the amount of water available to plants, whether that is in the form of rainfall, water stored in the ground, water in near - surface soils, or water within the vegetation.

«I think we are finally seeing evidence for a whole - Earth water cycle, which may help explain the vast amount of liquid water on the surface of our habitable planet.

Possessing more water than the total amount found on earth, Europa appears to have had a salty ocean beneath its icy cracked and frozen surface.

The HZ of a star is also sometimes referred to as the «Goldilocks zone,» because this region of circumstellar space, in which an exoplanet can orbit, receives not too little, or too much, but instead just the right amount of radiation from its parent star to allow liquid water to exist on its surface.

Estimations for the amount of snow from satellite and surface observations improve flow rate predictions in water systems

The total amount of water that was once inside the Moon probably equaled that in the Caribbean Sea.h Finally, a Mars - size impactor would heat up and evaporate much, if not all, of Earth's surface water.

In these areas, sea - surface winds push massive amounts of water away from the shore.

For instance, during the decade it orbited Venus, the European Space Agency (ESA) probe Venus Express helped show the potential for surface water and uncovered more data about the significant amounts of evaporated water lost to space, something discovered by earlier probes.

Then, they introduced a small amount of water onto the surface in ultrahigh vacuum (that is, no pressure) and very low temperatures.

Waste water treatment plants receive large amounts of microplastics emitted from households, industry and surface run - off in urban areas.

Factors such as the sizes of the planet and the star, continental distribution, ocean depth, the amount of water present, tectonic activity, variability of the surface temperature, atmospheric composition, the magnetic shield, speed of rotation, axial tilt, eccentricity of the orbit, the type and amount of radiation received, the age of the solar system, and the possibility of panspermia within the system are all considered.

But the two orbiters returned a wealth of scientific data in their own right, improving researchers» understanding of the Red Planet's topography and finding evidence that large amounts of water flowed across the Red Planet's surface long ago.

Methods: Directly measuring the amount of energy needed to split bonds inside a water molecule when it hits an oxide surface was a major challenge.