Sentences with phrase «surface waters exposed»

Later, surface waters exposed to space were the first to freeze.

You wrote, «In addition to moving warm Pacific water poleward, the removal of the warm Pacific tropical surface waters exposes the atmosphere to huge amounts of cooler sub-surface Pacific water.

In addition to moving warm Pacific water poleward, the removal of the warm Pacific tropical surface waters exposes the atmosphere to huge amounts of cooler sub-surface Pacific water.

Not exact matches

After preparing food, wipe your kitchen counters and other exposed surfaces with hot soapy water or a commercial or homemade cleaning solution.

In other places — Iceland, for example — the ridge tops are exposed above the water's surface.

By creating nanometre - thick arrays of metal - organic frameworks, Zhao's team was able to expose the pores and increase the surface area for electrical contact with the water.

«Breaking down metal oxide into tiny particles increases its surface area and exposes lots of ultra-small, interconnected grain boundaries that become active sites for the water - splitting catalytic reaction,» Cui said.

Alice also documented a surprising lack of exposed water ice on the comet's surface and identified an extremely volatile, unexpected gas in the comet's atmosphere — molecular oxygen.

So Proxima b's 11 - day year exposes it to two thirds as much starlight as Earth — enough to place the planet in the middle of its star's «habitable zone,» a temperate circumstellar region where liquid water and life could conceivably exist on a rocky world's surface.

On Pluto, a slurry of nitrogen and water ice melted by subsurface heat stands in for lava, the team suggests, freezing solid once it is exposed at the surface.

Last year the Herschel Space Observatory detected wisps of water vapor around the dwarf planet, and since its arrival at Ceres, Dawn has imaged oodles of highly reflective bright spots on the Cereian surface that may be sites of exposed water ice.

He interprets Black Beauty as a volcanic rock that got exposed to a lot of water on the way up to the Martian surface.

The researchers designed the electrodes at the nanoscale — thousands of times thinner than the thickness of a human hair — to ensure the greatest surface area would be exposed to water, which increases the amount of hydrogen the device can produce and also stores more charge in the supercapacitor.

The researchers had expected the ocean to play a bigger role in eroding away the coastline, as it has elsewhere — especially as climate change is causing more Arctic sea ice to melt away, leaving the surface of the water exposed.

When basalt — a volcanic rock that makes up roughly 70 percent of the earth's surface — is exposed to carbon dioxide and water, a chemical reaction occurs, converting the gas to a chalk - like solid material.

True lava forms more enduring structures — like Surtsey in Iceland, which broke through surface waters in 1963 and remains exposed today — while islands of mostly pumice and ash are quickly torn down by the waves.

As the paper suggests, one could be the evaporation of surface waters that have become exposed because of sea ice loss in the region, he added.

When exposed to heat brought to the surface from water circulating in moderately hot, underground rock, the thermal - cycling of the biphasic fluid will power a turbine to generate electricity.

There, many kilometers deep, the carbonate rocks will be exposed to very high pressures and temperatures, converting the carbonate rocks back to the silicates and expelling CO2 and water — these gases will then find their ways to the surface through explosive volcanoes near the plate subduction boundaries.

It is also tidally locked to its sun, meaning that its day side is constantly exposed to stellar radiation and its surface temperature is too hot for water and CO2 molecules to form.

Because the temperature of Ceres is relatively warm (between -93 ℃ and -33 ℃), water - ice exposed at the surface would rapidly convert into a gas in such a low - pressure environment.

So the discovered traces of water - ice suggest some underground ice was recently exposed and that there must be some mechanism to explain how the surface was disturbed in this way.

The researchers looked at how microbial communities (from waste - water - activated sludge) behaved when exposed to gold nanoparticles with various surface coatings and shapes.

But when sea ice melts, it exposes the darker surface of the underlying water, which absorbs solar energy.

Impact craters at many latitudes sometimes expose thin ice layers a foot or so beneath Mars» surface.132 «At polar latitudes, as much as 50 percent of the upper meter of soil may be [water] ice.»

They suspect that the methane ice - rich surface on Pluto may be sublimating away into the atmosphere, exposing a layer of water - ice underneath.

While exposed water ice would not be stable at the surface of Ceres at its relatively close distance to the Sun, water and ammonia do appear to be bound up in crustal minerals on the asteroid's surface.

Another option I've discussed before is to simmer the bones in red wine first, then add water, or to smash the bones in vinegar before cooking, increasing the surface area exposed to cooking.

When the exposed surface area of a vegetable makes direct contact with water that has been heated, there is an increased chance for loss of water - soluble nutrients into the water.

While the bowl feature allowed more than one furkid to drink at the same time, the exposed water surface also accumulated dirt and other particles quite quickly, requiring frequent cleaning.

The surface of the water needs to be exposed to the air so that there is plenty of room for plants to grow emergent — extending their growth above the water's surface.

Because UV rays are reflected off many surfaces like water, snow and even concrete, we tend to forget that our furkids are exposed to the suns influence in different ways then ourselves year round.

Any food, water, bedding, etc exposed to an infected horse should be disposed of, and all contaminated surfaces should be cleaned with disinfectant and rinsed with clean water.

The most colorful and visible creatures are the sea stars that are exposed at low tide and the large green anemones just below the water surface.

But I enjoy this picture b / c it shows the crystal clear waters of the lake exposing the pebbles and stones below the surface with the jagged Tetons cutting the horizon.

Cenotes are formed when the limestone that makes up the Yucatan Peninsula is eroded over thousands of years by rainwater, resulting in large «sinkholes» that appear on the surface, exposing hollowed - out caverns below that act as natural cisterns for water.

Many of the paintings seem to have been exposed to water - damage, with surfaces running, pigments pooling and figurative elements blotted into fleeting fixture.

Over time he developed techniques such as developing prints in dirty water, scratching the surface of prints, or exposing photo paper directly to light to make colorful abstract compositions, transforming mistakes into intentional processes.

The physical processes by which energy might be added into the glacier material include: (A) convection between the glacier surfaces and local surrounding atmosphere and water, (B) direct radiation onto the exposed surfaces of the material, (C) addition of material that is at a temperature higher than the melting temperature onto the top of the glacier (rain, say), (D) Sublimation of the ice directly into the atmosphere, and (E) conduction into the material from the contact areas between the glacier and surrounding solid material.

Likewise, it survives up to two months exposed to UV in water and flowback, much like conditions in surface impoundment ponds where flowback is being recycled.

«And if storms like this continue, as there's more open water, more storms mean more exposed surface,» she said.

My take on this is that in August the Arctic Ocean's ice carapace reaches its minimum and consequently the maximum surface area of the coldest sea water on the planet is exposed to the atmosphere.

I am probably just expressing my ignorance here, but what is it about a water surface being exposed to non-saturated air that makes it unable to be warmed by downwelling radiation?

IF we had say, a bowl of frigid ocean water — and we immersed a sun warmed rock into that bowl of frigid ocean water, till 70 % of it was covered — then whipped the exposed surface of the rock with air that was many degrees colder than the exposed rock surface --

Melting takes place when ice's surface is exposed to air or water that's warmer than freezing.

The dissolving rate is based on the surface area exposed to the water and clastics like sand reduce the exposed surface area.

The oceans are frigid at depth, and the rate at which those cool waters are exposed to the surface is not constant.

Geothermal systems extract energy from water exposed to hot rock deep beneath the earth's surface, and thus do not face the intermittency problems of other renewable energy sources like wind and solar.

Yet an increase in the surface area of crevasses can accelerate the flow because it means more of the ice's interior is exposed to warming by surface melt water.

The melting of glaciers such as Jakobshavn Isbræ has also begun to expose rock, soil, and ocean waters, which in turn causes further melting, because darker surfaces absorb more heat.