Sentences with phrase «surfaces at a constant temperature»

In this example, because the system is holding both surfaces at a constant temperature we have a constant (and continuous) flow of heat between surfaces.

How one could keep the surface at constant temperature isn't the issue - whether it's million or thousand suns or huge amount nuclear reactor heating the surface

Not exact matches

The «equilibrium» sensitivity of the global surface temperature to solar irradiance variations, which is calculated simply by dividing the absolute temperature on the earth's surface (288K) by the solar constant (1365Wm - 2), is based on the assumption that the climate response is linear in the whole temperature band starting at the zero point.

With an eye to the future — in terms of both energy costs and environmental considerations — the education authority opted for a system utilising the heat always present at a more or less constant temperature in the «near - surface geothermal layer» underground.

Now since relative humidity remains roughly constant at the ocean surface and the air's capacity to hold water increases with temperature, relative humidity will actually decrease over land, particularly as one enters the continental interiors.

Since the 155 W / m2 GHE is the GHE forcing based on the present climate (in the sense that removing all GH agents (only their LW opacity, keeping solar radiation properties constant) results in a forcing of -155 W / m2 at TOA for the present climate, and we know that without any GHE, in the isothermal blackbody surface approximation, the temperature will fall approximately 33 K without any non-Planck feedbacks), it can be compared to smaller climate forcings made in the context of the present climate (such as a doubling CO2.)

In this case the CO2 concentration is instantaneously quadrupled and kept constant for 150 years of simulation, and both equilibrium climate sensitivity and RF are diagnosed from a linear fit of perturbations in global mean surface temperature to the instantaneous radiative imbalance at the TOA.

So at the ocean surface, the atmospheric pressure remains relatively constant, increased CO2 concentrations lead to an increased partial pressure of CO2 but temperature leads to to a decreased solubility, partially canceling each other out.

Radiatively warmed (whether directly or indirectly through collisions) molecules are placed higher in the atmospheric column than can be explained just from their individual gas constants and once at that height have an enhanced cooling effect equal to their enhanced warming effect with a zero net effect on surface temperature.

The radiative absorption capability of CO2 allows atmospheric molecules to reach a higher temperature than that imparted to them by energy at the surface so they rise to a higher location than would be predicted from their weight and their individual gas constants.

Your hypothesis assumes that increased absorption of energy in the troposphere will be transmitted to the surface by convection, since radiative transfer doesn't change if the temperature remains constant, and the radiative imbalance at the TOA wouldn't change.

Specifically, the cloud cover is multiplied by the factor 1 + c T, where T, computed every time step, is the deviation of the global mean surface air temperature from the long - term mean in the model control run at the same point in the seasonal cycle and c is an empirical constant.

Assume the Earth is devoid of water, the Earth has an internal energy source providing energy at a constant rate, and the Earth's surface temperature without any atmosphere is everywhere T.

The right side of the wall is held at a constant temperature of 10 °C, as with the first few examples, but the other surface of the wall now has a constant input of heat and we want to find out the temperature of that surface.

So however it is done, the surface must be keep at a constant temperature.

Therefore with surface which remains at a constant temperature there would be very little in terms of packets air that rise and fall in circulation.

Once the enhancement of the surface temperature required to mechanically maintain atmospheric height is deducted from the observed surface temperature then the surface can be seen to be at the temperature predicted by the Stefan Boltzmann Constant.

The gas constant therefore sets the volume of atmosphere needed to leave the surface temperature at the level required to both support the atmosphere AND achieve radiative balance at the top of the atmosphere.

At soil depths greater than 30 feet below the surface, the soil temperature is relatively constant, and corresponds roughly to the water temperature measured in groundwater wells 30 to 50 feet deep.

At depths greater than about 30 feet below the surface, however, the soil temperature remains relatively constant throughout the year, as shown in Figure 3, below.

If our idealized reservoir is «U» - shaped (not «V» - shaped) then the surface area remains constant, irrespective of the water level, and so the evaporation occurs at a constant (zero - order flux) vs. (dry) temperature.

The rate of heat transfer by radiation and latent heat increases as the temperature at the top decreases given the assumption of constant water surface temperature.

Climate models (for various obscure reasons) tend to maintain constant relative humidity at each atmospheric level, and therefore have an increasing absolute humidity at each level as the surface and atmospheric temperatures increase.

In a paper, «Heat Capacity, Time Constant, and Sensitivity of Earth's Climate System» soon to be published in the Journal of Geophysical Research (and discussed briefly at RealClimate a few weeks back), Stephen Schwartz of Brookhaven National Laboratory estimates climate sensitivity using observed 20th - century data on ocean heat content and global surface temperature.

If we hold the latent and sensible heat fluxes constant, keep the atmosphere upward - downward ratio the same, and assume both surface and atmosphere emissivities at 1.0, then when we narrow the window ever so slightly, the surface temperature increases.

With a step change in temperature at the surface of the ice sheet, and assuming a constant thickness of 2 km, the time required for the mid-point of the ice sheet to reflect only 50 % absorption of the energy reflecting the temperature increase is... 159.5 years.

The average temperature of the surface is that depth at which there is no daily, seasonal, or annual variation i.e. a constant year - round temperature.

My code and sample results are at http://pastebin.com/jM4HjeeK The results do correspond in some way to the curves I've seen of lunary surface temperatures, except that the minimum temperatures are surprisingly constant with latitude.

By varying the water vapor and CO2 content of the atmosphere using MODTRAN, adjusting the surface temperature offset to keep OLR constant at 100 km, it's clear that Ed - Eu and Su - OLR aren't constant as tau changes, as should be expected.

My problem is that whilst the surface temperature over land changes considerably between day and night the temperature I would have thought that at higher altitudes it would be more constant.

I believe that if in the vacuum of space you place a blackbody object with (a) a constant (i.e., unchanging energy per unit time) internal thermal energy source, and (b) internal / surface thermal conduction properties such that independent of how energy enters the blackbody, the surface temperature of the blackbody is everywhere the same and you place that object in cold space (no background thermal radiation of any kind), eventually the object will come to a steady state condition — i.e., the object will eventually radiate energy to space at a rate equal to the rate of energy produced by the internal energy source.

All that PV = nRT tells us is that at the surface atmospheric density is a function of Temperature, n / V =P / RT where P is ~ constant.

If radiative forcing were calculated at the altitude of the top end of the constant lapse rate (g / Cp), we can expect the no - feedbacks temperature rise to be transmitted to the surface by that «constant» lapse rate.