Sentences with phrase «surrogate measure»

The researchers found that the proportion of randomized or blinded trials didn't differ and that many of the confirmatory trials still relied on surrogate measures of effect — that is, blood tests or radiological studies that may not correlate with real clinical endpoints.

Kraus's team tested the auditory abilities of teenagers aged 14 or 15, grouped by socioeconomic status (as indexed by their mother's level of education, a commonly used surrogate measure).

(The health system uses a number of surrogate measures along the way to make sure that their members are on the right track — for example, lowering their blood sugar if they are at risk of diabetes.)

Based on their current findings, lactational amenorrhea is still an excellent surrogate measure of the duration and intensity of breastfeeding but most likely is not an important mediator of the potentially protective effect on MS / CIS, the authors wrote.

In many cases it is painfully obvious that scientists are stuck with surrogate measures in place of what they really want to quantify.

Astronomers enlist surrogate measures all the time, since there is no way to stick thermometers in stars or to unreel tape measures to other galaxies.

While surrogate measures may be appropriate in some cases, as more surrogates are being used in a wider variety of conditions, fewer are subject to the kind of rigorous validation of past FDA - authorized surrogates such as cholesterol levels or systolic blood pressure, speakers cautioned.

The first half of the film also features dull «visual comedy» including the always classic men's shower scene in which Dennis, instead of comparing himself to Whit in terms of career, clothing, car or any other surrogate measure of manhood, gets to confront his foe's masculinity directly.

International test results such as those of the OECD have become surrogate measures of the future economic potential of nations, prompting a global education race between national education systems.

For some countries, they used surrogate measures.

That will give you a slightly higher protein intake, but it's a good «surrogate measure of lean mass plus a small safety buffer,» writes Alan Aragon.

«It is important to use clinical endpoints in testing investigational drugs whenever possible because there are numerous cases of drugs approved on the basis of a surrogate measure that turn out to later not effect actual clinical outcomes — or even make them worse,» said Kesselheim.

In 17 out of the 18 completed studies, surrogate measures were still the primary endpoints of the studies.

However, prior to changing practice, larger trials are needed to determine whether improvement in these surrogate measures will translate into fracture reduction for vulnerable elderly persons,» the study concludes.

The FDA tends to accept a surrogate measure if results from others with the disease show that it is an indicator of improvement.

«All of the surrogate measures of metabolic health got better, just by substituting starch for sugar in their processed food — all without changing calories or weight or exercise,» study author Robert Lustig, a pediatric endocrinologist at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital San Francisco, said in a statement.

Instead, we relied on surrogate measures, including maternal education and income.

However, even after adjusting for age and BMI (a surrogate measure for obesity), the prevalence of subnormal free testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes is higher than in men without.

Insulin levels had always been assumed to go up or down with the blood glucose levels which led to the glycemic index which had always been assumed to be a surrogate measure of insulin levels.

Until then, I will be using December Antarctic sea - ice area as a surrogate measure of meridional up - welling.

To date, population - based studies interested in the potential health effects of traffic - related air pollution have generally relied on NO2 as a surrogate measure of exposure owing to the availability of existing land use regression models.

Second, size is probably a surrogate measure of several dimensions that lead to innovation: total resources, slack resources (defined as the degree to which an organization has more resources than those required for ongoing operations), employees» technical expertise, organizational structure, and so on.