Adding to previous evidence on the importance of early maternal depression, maternal depressive
symptoms during infancy were related to the development of depressive symptoms in childhood and adolescence even when other variables of potential relevance were controlled.
Maternal depressive
symptoms during infancy contributed to the prediction of child depressive symptoms at age 8, after controlling for concurrent maternal depressive symptoms, clinical risk in infancy, and gender.
To our knowledge, this work provides the first evidence for bidirectional effects between infant negative affect and parents» anxiety
symptoms during infancy.
Not exact matches
That's because those
symptoms typically do not appear until the early toddler years and anything that takes place
during infancy (like attachment parenting practices) will precede the observation of
symptoms.
The first year of life is a period of rapid development critical to infants» health, emotional well - being and developmental trajectories.1, 2 The first signs of mental health problems are often exhibited
during infancy; however, the
symptoms may be overlooked by parents and healthcare providers because they can be less intrusive when a child is young.3 — 8 Early onset of emotional or behavioural problems increases the risk of numerous adverse outcomes that persist into adolescence and adulthood, such as delinquency, violence, substance abuse, mental health problems, teen pregnancies, school dropout and long - term unemployment.1, 2, 4, 9 — 14
Regarding early childhood data, the study conducted by Wagner et al. (2016) focused on the prediction that children with higher CU traits and ODD
symptoms manifested
during development have deficits in processing emotional relevant cues, such as gazing toward caregivers, as early as
infancy.
Children who have disorganized attachment with their primary attachment figure have been shown to be vulnerable to stress, have problems with regulation and control of negative emotions, and display oppositional, hostile - aggressive behaviours, and coercive styles of interaction.2, 3 They may exhibit low self - esteem, internalizing and externalizing problems in the early school years, poor peer interactions, unusual or bizarre behaviour in the classroom, high teacher ratings of dissociative behaviour and internalizing
symptoms in middle childhood, high levels of teacher - rated social and behavioural difficulties in class, low mathematics attainment, and impaired formal operational skills.3 They may show high levels of overall psychopathology at 17 years.3 Disorganized attachment with a primary attachment figure is over-represented in groups of children with clinical problems and those who are victims of maltreatment.1, 2,3 A majority of children with early disorganized attachment with their primary attachment figure
during infancy go on to develop significant social and emotional maladjustment and psychopathology.3, 4 Thus, an attachment - based intervention should focus on preventing and / or reducing disorganized attachment.
Seminal work conducted by O'Connor and colleagues documents the influence of early mother - child interactions and attachment
during infancy to the later development of psychiatric
symptoms in children with FASD (for a review, see [38]-RRB-.