Her thesis was entitled «
Synaptic changes in the medial prefrontal cortex in susceptibility and resilience to stress.»
Dr. Shelanski and his team hypothesized that aberrant activation of caspase - 2 may cause
synaptic changes in Alzheimer's disease.
Not exact matches
Each
synaptic event and each neural impulse cause a
change in the distributions of electrically charged atoms
in the adjacent interstitial fluid.
The neuronal coverings that mediate
synaptic changes are involved
in everything from memory to psychiatric disorders, affecting autism, Alzheimer's, and addiction.
Thus, both the structural
changes and the
synaptic facilitation of Aplysia sensorimotor synapses accompanying long - term behavioral sensitization can be produced
in vitro by applying a single facilitating transmitter repeatedly.
These properties, which are believed to be important for the induction of long - term
changes in synaptic strength, are imparted by asparagine residues
in a putative channel - forming segment of the protein, transmembrane 2 (TM2).
They used a somewhat bizarre technique
in which two mice were sutured together
in such as way that they shared a circulatory system (known as parabiosis), and found old mice joined to their youthful counterparts showed
changes in gene activity
in a brain region called the hippocampus as well as increased neural connections and enhanced «
synaptic plasticity» — a mechanism believed to underlie learning and memory
in which the strength of neural connections
change in response to experience.
Consistent with recent studies of such
changes, we find that long - lasting potentiation of
synaptic transmission between cultured hippocampal neurons is accompanied by an increase
in the number of clusters of postsynaptic glutamate receptors containing the subunit GluR1.
A
change in the efficiency of
synaptic communication between neurons is thought to underlie learning.
After all, each brain is unique, and each brain keeps
changing in response to new experiences, forming new
synaptic connections between neurons and even — contrary to received wisdom a decade ago — growing new neurons.
«Up - regulating MHCI is essential for the maternal immune response, but
changing MHCI activity
in the fetal brain when
synaptic connections are being formed could potentially affect synapse density,» Boulanger said.
In addition, the number of docking sites and the number of calcium clusters change in parallel with brain age and synaptic siz
In addition, the number of docking sites and the number of calcium clusters
change in parallel with brain age and synaptic siz
in parallel with brain age and
synaptic size.
With this noninvasive method, researchers may be able to follow the progression of many brain disorders, including epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease, by measuring
changes in synaptic density over time.
This rapid, transmitter - mediated down - regulation of a cell adhesion molecule
in the sensory neurons may be one of the early molecular
changes in long - term
synaptic facilitation.
According to Cheyette, this is some of the strongest evidence to date that WNT signaling could play a key role
in driving psychiatric disease, and that it works through
changes in synaptic communication between neurons.
Moser demonstrated a number of
changes in the strength of connections between nerve cells — a phenomenon called
synaptic plasticity —
in the hippocampus as rats stored information
in their long - term memory.
Learning more about how synapses
change their connections could help scientists better understand neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, since many of the genetic alterations linked to autism are found
in genes that code for
synaptic proteins.
A new
in vitro model Scientists developed a new research tool for this study that enabled them to monitor the spread of Tau aggregates whilst
changing the
synaptic connections between brain cells.
His lab is building detailed computer models of synapses and the networks they sustain
in order to determine how they collect firing statistics during wakefulness and sleep and when they
change synaptic strengths to reflect the difference.
Maternal alcohol consumption prior to and during pregnancy significantly affects cognitive functions
in offspring, which may be related to
changes in cyclin - dependent kinase 5 because it is associated with modulation of
synaptic plasticity and impaired learning and memory.
It is «tempting to speculate that crucial aspects of
synaptic transmission may have
changed in modern humans,» the team wrote.
NMDA receptors are known to be involved
in weakening or strengthening synapses
in neural connections,
changes that are called
synaptic plasticity, and
in memory formation.
«After a year of sound deprivation, we observed dramatic
changes in the inner ear — notably, a significant loss of the
synaptic connections through which the sensory cells send their electrical signals to the brain,» Dr. Maison said.
Since morphology
changes of synapses underlie
synaptic plasticity and our learning and memory, this will provide us with many new insights into mechanisms of how neurons store information
in their morphology, how it
changes synaptic strength and ultimately how it creates new memory.
With the combined use of genetics and pharmacology, the investigators altered the production of proteins controlled by eIF2α
in adult mice, essentially converting them into adolescents by making them more susceptible to cocaine - induced
changes in synaptic strength and behavior.
«While our findings are consistent with other reported
changes in neuronal firing rates with attention, they go far beyond such descriptions, revealing never - before tested mechanisms at the
synaptic level,» said study co-author Farran Briggs, PhD, assistant professor of Physiology and Neurobiology at the Geisel School of Medicine.
Unexpectedly, these behavioral
changes were accompanied by an increase
in inhibitory
synaptic transmission with no apparent effect on excitatory synapses.
Bailey now uses imaging technology to observe the
changes in the
synaptic connections
in single motor neurons, as they are subjected to physiological stimulation
in a culture dish.
We will explore the function of these genes
in controlling
synaptic homeostasis, develop novel imaging approaches to visualize homeostatic
changes in real time, and systematically screen genes implicated
in aging and longevity for roles
in homeostatic plasticity.
An Age - Dependent
Change in the Set Point of
Synaptic Homeostasis.
We use a number of experimental approaches to gain a greater understanding of translational control mechanisms necessary for maintaining long - lasting
changes in synaptic strength and memory.
We are particularly interested
in an emotional stress - induced
change in endocannabinoid signaling and
synaptic transmission and the effects of stress on the activity of a neuronal circuitthat is associated with learning / memory (see J. Neurosci.31: 501, 2011, 29:381, 2009; Nature Neurosci.
BDNF induces widespread
changes in synaptic protein content and up - regulates components of the translation machinery: an analysis using high - throughput proteomics.
Describing the association of morphological
changes in dendritic spines with long - term
synaptic plasticity
He is one of the world's leading researchers on
synaptic plasticity
in the brain and has pioneered new optical methods of observing the structural
changes in the living brain as it adapts to its environment.
Researchers have discovered a new form of
synaptic plasticity, the
changes to nerve cells
in the brain that underlie learning and memory.
This allows for a more precise evaluation of the attendant cellular,
synaptic and physiological
changes that occur
in response to the initial lesion.
Title:
Synaptic transmission
changes in fear memory circuits underlie key features of an animal model of schizophrenia Author: M. Pollard et al..
Analysis of
synaptic gene expression
in the neocortex of primates reveals evolutionary
changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Drug - evoked
synaptic plasticity
in addiction: from molecular
changes to circuit remodeling.
Temporal
changes in synaptic proteins
in hippocampal slices indicated acute
synaptic loss, followed by synapse formation and maintenance phases.
Synaptic pruning and other
changes that occur
in the adolescent brain give teenagers the tools to start making decisions on their own — even if they're bad decisions, says Luna.
It is the
changes in the
synaptic connections
in areas of the brain such as the cerebral cortex and hippocampus that is associated with the learning and retention of new information.
Changes in the abundance of these receptors alter
synaptic transmission
in the aged brain.
It is therefore essential to understand how
changes in synaptic transmission can regulate the organization and dynamics of actin binding proteins (ABPs).
To examine this hypothesis we will identify the molecular
changes to astrocytes during the aging process and then determine how these
changes in aging affect the
synaptic connections between neurons.
Restricted expression of UNC - 7S from the Punc - 7S promoter allowed us to recognize AVB: B motor neuron gap junctions
in live animals and has served as a useful tool for examining
changes in synaptic connectivity [29].
Kauwe and others
in Haghighi's lab are exploring why such a
change in the set point of
synaptic transmission occurs so rapidly, and how dampening neuron activity might be beneficial
in treating, or even preventing, neurodegenerative diseases.
The study does not explain what does maintain working memories if low - level activation doesn't, but
changes in synaptic weights — or the potential one neuron has to affect the behavior of another across a synapse — might be the answer.
It has been proven to promote positive
changes in synaptic functioning.